抑制剂NBPT对紫色土稻油轮作体系氨挥发和产量的影响  

The Effect of Urease Inhibitor Application on Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Yield of Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System in Purple Soil

作　　者：张奇[1] 王宏[1] 罗付香[1] 姚莉[1] 郑盛华[1] 周长秀 林超文[1] ZHANG Qi;WANG Hong;LUO Fuxiang;YAO Li;ZHENG Shenghua;ZHOU Changxiu;LIN Chaowen(Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2023年第1期14-20,74,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省财政自主创新专项项目(2022ZZCX013,2022ZZCX017);四川省农业科学院现代农业学科建设推进工程(2021XKJS014);四川省财政创新能力提升工程(2018QNJJ-018)。

摘　　要：【目的】施用尿素时使用脲酶抑制剂有利于减少稻田氨挥发损失提高稻田氮肥利用效率,但对水稻-油菜轮作体系下氨挥发损失的影响并不是很清楚。研究紫色土丘陵区域稻油轮作模式体系下,不同脲酶抑制剂n-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)添加量对氨挥发、氮沉降和产量的影响,可为四川省紫色土丘陵区域农业面源污染防治提供技术支撑。【方法】结合当地农民施肥习惯,设置了5个处理,分别为T0(不施肥)、T1(尿素)、T2(添加为纯氮施用量的0.1%脲酶抑制剂NBPT处理的尿素)、T3(添加为纯氮施用量的0.2%脲酶抑制剂NBPT处理的尿素)和T4(添加为纯氮施用量的0.5%脲酶抑制剂NBPT处理的尿素),均为基肥一次性施入,分别在水稻季和油菜季开展试验。【结果】T1、T2、T3和T4处理在水稻季累积氨挥发损失率为26.54%、18.28%、14.88%和12.78%,在油菜季为5.22%、1.57%、1.36%和1.31%。与T1相比,T2、T3和T4处理在水稻季累积氨挥发降低了31.14%、43.96%和51.82%,在油菜季降低了70%、74.04%和74.89%。但是在水稻季和油菜季T2、T3和T4之间处理累积氨挥发损失没有显著性变化。在整个稻油轮作体系,铵态氮沉降量约为硝态氮沉降量的1.86倍,占整个无机氮沉降的63.94%。此外,与T1处理相比,T2、T3和T4处理能够显著增加作物产量和氮肥农学利用效率,但T2、T3和T4处理之间作物产量和氮肥农学利用效率并不存在显著性差异。【结论】与单纯施用尿素相比,使用脲酶抑制剂NBPT能够显著降低氨挥发损失、提高作物产量和氮肥利用率。铵态氮为农田氮沉降的主要沉降形式。【Objective】Ammonia volatilization is decreased with urease inhibitor NBPT application,whereas the effect of urease inhibitor NBPT on ammonia volatilization in rice-rapeseed rotation system is not well understood.Therefore,the current study was conducted to identifying the factors of ricerapeseed ammonia volatilization loss and yield in rice-rapeseed rotation system of purple soil which can provide prevention and cure skills for non-point source pollution in Sichuan province.【Method】Field experiments were implemented with different rates of urease inhibitor NBPT application in purple soil using rice and rapeseed as materials.The treatments included T0(no fertilizer),T1(urea),T2(urea with 0.1%NBPT of total nitrogen application),T3(urea with 0.2%NBPT of total nitrogen application)and T4(urea with 0.5%NBPT of total nitrogen application).【Result】Results signified that T1、T2、T3、T4 treatments emitted cumulative ammonia of 26.54%,18.28%,14.88%and 12.78%,respectively in rice-growth season and 5.22%,1.57%,1.36%and 1.31%,respectively in rapeseed-growth season.Compared to T1 treatment,the T2,T3 and T4 treatments significantly decreased the cumulative ammonia emissions by 31.14%,43.96%,51.82%,respectively in rice-growth season and 70%,74.04%and 74.89%,respectively in rapeseed-growth season.There was no significant difference among T2,T3 and T4 in rice or rapeseed-growth season.The mean ration of NH4+/NO3-in bulk deposition was 1.86,while the NH4+deposition was accounted for 63.94%of the total inorganic N deposition.In addition,compared to T1 treatment,T2,T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency.However,increasing urease inhibitor NBPT rate had little effect on crop yield and nitrogen efficiency.【Conclusion】Compared with the application of urea only,the utilization of urease inhibitor NBPT can significantly reduce ammonia volatilization loss,improve crop yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency.Inorganic N deposition was significantly correlated with fertilizer

关 键 词：紫色土 稻油轮作 氨挥发 氮沉降 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S565.4