不同轮作模式对植烟土壤团聚体稳定性及烟叶品质的影响  

Effects of different planting patterns on soil aggregate stability and tobacco quality

作　　者：艾亥麦提·艾麦尔江 黄佳 成志军 肖金讯 熊俊 杨友才[1] AIHAIMAITI Aimaierjiang;HUANG Jia;CHENG Zhijun;XIAO Jinxun;XIONG Jun;YANG Youcai(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.Ltd,Changsha,Hunan 410014,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南中烟工业有限责任公司,湖南长沙410014

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期18-24,34,共8页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：湖南中烟工业有限责任公司项目(202043000934133)。

摘　　要：2020年在湘西州花垣、永顺、龙山采集已实行5年烤烟–水稻轮作(TRT)和烤烟–玉米轮作(TMT)模式农田土壤,以烤烟连作(TT)作对照,测定粒径r<0.25 mm、0.25 mm≤r<0.50 mm、0.50 mm≤r<1.00 mm、1.00 mm≤r<2.00 mm和r≥2.00 mm土壤团聚体稳定性和云烟87上部烟烟叶的理化性质,分析轮作对植烟土壤团聚体稳定性及烟叶品质的影响。结果表明:TRT土壤r≥2.00 mm和1.00≤r <2.00 mm团聚体含量最高,而0.25≤r <0.50mm和r<0.25 mm团聚体含量分别低于TMT 9.9%~21.5%和10.3%~70.8%,TRT土壤r≥0.25 mm团聚体含量、平均质量直径和几何平均直径均大于TMT土壤的;与烤烟连作相比,轮作可提高上部叶烟叶长、叶宽和开片度,降低叶厚和含梗率,且烟叶化学成分及协调性处于优质烟叶适宜水平;TRT模式烟叶的钾含量、钾氯比和氮碱比均高于TMT的,而连作烟叶中氯含量显著高于轮作6.7%~33.3%;TRT烟叶化学成分可用性指数(0.77~0.83)和TMT(0.76~0.79)均处于“较高”水平;冗余分析表明,上部烟叶糖类、糖碱比、总氮、钾、钾氯比与土壤≥1.00 mm团聚体含量呈正相关,氯含量与<0.50 mm团聚体含量呈正相关;相关性分析表明,烟叶化学成分可用性与团聚体稳定性呈显著正相关,与分形维数呈显著负相关。综上,烟稻轮作模式优于烤烟–玉米轮作和烤烟连作,是维持土壤团聚体稳定性促进烟叶生长、提高烟叶品质的有效模式,适合在湘西地区推广应用。In 2020,the farmland soils of tobacco-rice rotation(TRT)and tobacco-maize rotation(TMT)were collected in Huayuan,Yongshun and Longshan of Xiangxi Prefecture for 5 consecutive years of planting,and the tobacco continuous cropping(TT)was used as the control.The stability of aggregates with particle sizes of r<0.25 mm,0.25 mm≤r<0.50 mm,0.50<r<1.00 mm,1.00 mm≤r<2.00 mm and r≥2.00 mm was determined.The physical and chemical properties of the upper leaves of Yunyan87 were determined,and the effects of rotation on the stability of soil aggregates and the quality of tobacco leaves were analyzed.The results showed that the contents of aggregates r≥2.00 mm and 1.00≤r<2.00 mm in TRT soil were the highest,while the contents of aggregates 0.25≤r<0.50 mm and r<0.25 mm were 9.9%-21.5%and 10.3%-70.8%lower than those in TMT,respectively.TRT soil r≥0.25 mm aggregate content,average mass diameter and geometric average diameter were greater than those in TMT.Compared with continuous cropping of tobacco,rotation can improve the length and width of upper leaves and the degree of opening,reduce the thickness of leaves and the percentage of stems,and the chemical composition and coordination of tobacco leaves are at the appropriate level of high-quality tobacco leaves.The potassium content,potassium chloride ratio and nitrogen nicotine ratio of tobacco leaves in TRT pattern were higher than those in TMT pattern,while the chlorine content of tobacco leaves in continuous cropping was 6.7%-33.3%higher than that in rotation mode.The chemical components usability index in tobacco leaves of TRT(0.77-0.83)and of TMT(0.76-0.79)were both at a"high"level.Redundancy analysis showed that sugar,sugar nicotine ratio,total nitrogen,potassium,potassium chloride ratio of tobacco leaves were positively correlated with soil≥1.00 mm aggregate content,and chlorine content was positively correlated with soil<0.50 mm aggregate content.The correlation analysis showed that the chemical components usability in tobacco leaves was positively correl

关 键 词：轮作模式 土壤团聚体稳定性 烟叶理化性质 可用性指数 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S572.047[农业科学—烟草工业]