炼钢技术的发展历程和未来展望(Ⅱ)——炼钢的未来展望  

Development history and future prospects of steelmaking(Ⅱ)——Future prospects

作　　者：张立峰 ZHANG Li-feng(School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学机械与材料工程学院,北京100144

出　　处：《钢铁》2023年第1期1-12,共12页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22A20171,U1860206,51725402)。

摘　　要：首先讨论了科技进步为推动力的铁水预处理技术、转炉冶炼技术、炉外精炼技术和连铸技术的进步。传统的KR铁水预处理技术采用了载气枪喷入脱硫剂粒子之后,增大了脱硫剂粒子进入铁液的深度并降低了粒子之间聚合的发生,既节省了脱硫剂的使用又提高了脱硫的效率;使用铬矿粉为原料通过转炉冶炼不锈钢过程中,采用副枪燃气燃烧送料技术,既实现了温度达标,也降低了铬的氧化烧损;钢液炉外精炼技术是在吹氩技术、真空技术和电磁技术等多项技术支撑下逐渐发展的;连铸技术也是在电磁技术、机械压下、数字技术的支撑下实现了无缺陷连铸坯的制造和近终形薄带连铸的产业化。然后,从钢洁净度的极限、未来的炼钢工艺展望和连续炼钢工艺3个方面讨论了炼钢技术的未来。目前钢中氧、碳、氮、磷、硫、氢6大元素总和已经能达到0.0060%以下,特别是钢中总氧质量分数可以达到0.0005%以下,但是关于钢中金属杂质元素包括锌、锡、铅、锑、铋、砷等去除的研究还需要加强;在信息化和自动化技术充分发展的条件下,无喷溅、无人工操作、无人工维护的“全智能转炉”是有可能实现的;连铸的大数据技术、软件技术和信息物理系统已经在一些先进钢厂得到应用;欧盟已经开始尝试铁矿石的纯氢气直接还原路线;随着科技进步和各种技术支持的提升,连续炼钢工艺在未来50年将成为可能。最后,对炼钢过程的基础研究进行了思考,针对炼钢过程的跨尺度、多相、多元物理现象,第一性原理计算、基于材料基因计算的钢种设计和物理化学反应的热力学动力学以及与钢液流动、传热和凝固行为的耦合研究将得到越来越多的关注。Firstly,the development of the hot metal pretreatment,BOF steelmaking,steel secondary refining and continuous casting motivated by the science and technology progress was summarized and exampled.The conventional KR hot metal pretreatment process was improved by injecting the desulfurization flux powders through a lance with carrying gas so that powder particles penetrated the hot metal deeper and the coagulation of particles less occurred and the desulfurization efficiency was improved.During the production of the stainless steel through BOF process,a second lance was used to low Cr-ore powders with carrying burning gas and oxygen gas,through which the oxidation of the Cr was lowered and the required temperature was reached as well.The progress of the steel secondary refining was fully supported by technologies of argon blowing,vacuum techniques and electromagnetic techniques.The defect-free continuous casting semis was achieved with the support of electromagnetic stirring,mechanical reduction and digital technology.Secondly,the future of steelmaking was forecasted,including the limit of the steel cleanliness,future steelmaking technologies and continuous steelmaking process.Currently,the control level of oxygen,carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,sulfur and hydrogen in the steel was as low as 0.0060%while techniques for the removal of zinc,tin,lead,antimony,bismuth and arsenic from the steel need to develop.With the development of information and automatic technologies,the intelligent BOF steelmaking without splashing and unmanned situation can be achieved in the future.The big data technology,software technology and the cyber physical system have been tentatively employed in advanced steel plants.In Europe,the reduction of mineral iron ores by pure hydrogen has been tried in pilot scale.With development of the scientific and technology progress,the continuous steelmaking will become reality within future 50 years.At last,the future fundamental studies on steelmaking were briefly predicted.The multiscale,multiphase and m

关 键 词：炼钢 科技进步 铁水预处理 转炉冶炼 炉外精炼 连铸 全智能转炉 连续炼钢 炼钢基础研究 

分 类 号：TF703[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]