老年人社会支持行为量表简化版的研制  

Development of a shortened version of the social support behaviors scale for older people

作　　者：王婷仙 杨建 林艳伟 WANG Ting-xian;YANG Jian;LIN Yan-wei(Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,School of Public Health,Guangdong Medical University,Dongguan,Guangdong 523808,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,广东东莞523808 [2]广东医科大学公共卫生与健康研究院,广东东莞523808 [3]广东医科大学公共卫生学院社会医学与卫生事业管理系,广东东莞523808

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第3期488-494,共7页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71804029);广东省医学科研基金(C2018081);广东医科大学博士启动项目(B2019033);广东医科大学高水平学科建设工程项目(4SG22001G)。

摘　　要：目的 研制老年人社会支持行为量表(the social support behaviors scale,SSB-31)的简化版,并对其进行评价。方法通过整群随机抽样的方法抽取东莞市1 130名符合纳入标准的老年人进行一对一访问调查,随机抽取565名被调查者作为训练样本,利用经典测量理论和项目反应理论对老年人社会支持行为量表(SSB-31)进行简化版量表的研制,剩余565名被调查者作为考核样本,评价简化版量表的心理测量学特性。结果 经训练样本分析,最终建议或指导维度保留6个条目,情感支持维度保留5个条目,社会化维度保留3个条目,实际援助维度保留7个条目,形成21个条目的老年人社会支持行为量表简化版(SSB-21)。考核样本结果显示,SSB-21的Cronbach α系数为0.958,各维度Cronbachα系数在0.871~0.911之间;验证性因子分析模型拟合显示卡方自由度为4.212,比较拟合指数为0.934,增值适配指数为0.934,拟合优度指数为0.877,非标准适配指标为0.924,渐进残差均方和平方根为0.075,残差均方和平方根为0.039;项目反应理论结果显示,区分度在2.58~3.39之间,难度在-2.740~1.920,平均信息量在1.149~1.804,各条目均不存在项目功能差异性。与SSB-31相比,SSB-21各维度保留65.69%~87.07%的信息量,总量表保留了71.86%的信息量。结论 SSB-21具有良好的心理测量学特性,可以作为老年人功能性社会支持测量的简短有效工具。Objective To develop and evaluate a shortened version of the Social Support Behaviors scale for older people(SSB-31). Methods A total of 1 130 older people qualified for this study were selected by cluster random sampling method in this study. The data of 565 respondents were randomly selected for item screening by classical test theory and item response theory(IRT), while the data of the remaining 565 respondents were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the shortened version scale. Results After training sample analysis, 6 items were retained in the suggestion or guidance dimension, 5 items in the emotional support dimension, 3 items in the socialization dimension, and 7 items in the actual assistance dimension, forming a shortened version of the social support behavior scale for the elderly(SSB-21) with 21 items.The results of examination samples showed that the Cronbach’s α coefficient of SSB-21 was 0.958, and the Cronbach’s αcoefficient of each dimension was between 0.871 and 0.911. Confirmatory factor analysis model fitting showed that chi-square degree of freedom was 4.212, comparative fitting index was 0.934, value-added fit index was 0.934, goodness of fit index was 0.877, Tucker-Lewis was 0.924, root mean square error of approximation was 0.075, and root mean square residual was 0.039. IRT showed discrimination parameters were estimated to be 2.58 to 3.39, difficulty parameters were estimated to be-2.740 to 1.920 and all items were without DIF. Average item information ranged from 1.149 to 1.804. Compared with the original scale, the average information of SSB-21 was reserved 65.69% to 87.07% for each dimension and 71.86% for the total scale. Conclusion The SSB-21 shows good reliability, validity, and item quality, making it simple and effective for assessing the functional social support of the older people in China.

关 键 词：社会支持 功能性的社会支持 经典测量学理论 项目反应理论 简化版 条目筛选 

分 类 号：R195.1[医药卫生—卫生统计学] D669.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]