代际财产转移与财产分布不均等——基于房产的经验分析  

Intergenerational Transfer and Wealth Inequality--Empirical Analysis Based on Real Estate

作　　者：罗楚亮 LUO Chuliang(Renmin University of China,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,100872

出　　处：《财贸经济》2023年第2期88-104,共17页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“我国收入分配问题专题研究”(21XNLG03)。

摘　　要：本文利用中国居民收入分配课题组(CHIP)2018年住户调查数据,以是否获得过赠予/继承房产和购房时是否获得过父母的资助度量代际财产转移,讨论代际财产转移的基本特征及其对财产分布不均等的影响。本文的研究结果表明,年轻家庭中有较高比例的人群以购房资助的形式获得了代际财产转移,如户主年龄为30~34岁的人群中获得购房资助的比例达50%。在代际财产转移中,接受者和转移者通常具有较高的人力资本。尽管代际财产转移对全部人群财产分布不均等程度的解释份额不高,但在年轻家庭(户主年龄在40岁以下)中,代际财产转移的贡献份额是比较高的。财产分布不均等是社会不平衡不充分发展的表现形式之一,代际财产转移正在逐渐加剧这种不平衡。China has experienced high-speed economic growth and a radical increase in income inequality as well in the past four decades since the economic transition initiated.The rapid growth of household income means more possibilities of savings and wealth accumulation,while the increasing inequality indicates that such possibilities might be unevenly distributed among households.Some households have accumulated more wealth than others,leading to and exacerbating wealth inequality.Since the reform and opening-up policy was introduced,China's residents have accumulated wealth rapidly and the wealth inequality increased sharply.Both the incentive to accumulate wealth and that to leave bequests to offspring are rather strong in the traditional culture in China.With more wealth accumulated and enlarged wealth inequality,the intergenerational transfer may become an important mechanism for exacerbating the wealth gap.Based on the 2018 household survey conducted by China Household Income Project(CHIP),this paper focuses on the determinants of intergenerational wealth transfer and its effects on wealth inequality,where the intergenerational wealth transfer is measured by receiving homes as gifts or inheritance,or getting financial support for home purchase from their parents.In general,the intergenerational wealth transfer does not explain much of the wealth inequality,but the situation with parents and parents-in-law as the household heads has an important impact on wealth accumulation and wealth inequality of the offspring.For households with young heads,intergenerational wealth transfer and the characteristics of the parents and parents-in-law have a significant effect on wealth inequality,especially for urban households.Such results imply that intergenerational wealth transfer starts to play an important role in wealth inequality.The results show that household heads receiving homes as gifts or inheritance in general do not have high levels of wealth accumulation,compared with those who received financial support for home p

关 键 词：财产分布 不均等 代际财产转移 

分 类 号：F126.2[经济管理—世界经济]