来自历史的遗产:对外开放对城市创业活动的影响(1842—2013)  

Legacy from History:The Effects of Historical Ports on Entrepreneurial Activities(1842-2013)

作　　者：杨嬛[1] 张心宁 王哲[2] YANG Huan;ZHANG Xinning;WANG Zhe(Shanghai University of Finance and Econoinics,200433;Fudan University,200433)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学城市与区域科学学院,200433 [2]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,200433

出　　处：《财贸经济》2023年第2期137-153,共17页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“进一步优化上海创新创业环境研究——基于城市文化与城市创业活动的研究”(2018BJB018);上海财经大学国家级课题后续研究项目“城市文化环境与企业创业研究”(2018110493);上海财经大学研究生创新基金项目“‘穷则生变’:历史农业自然禀赋对地区现代创业活动的影响”(CXJJ-2021-438)。

摘　　要：在当前“逆全球化”和新冠疫情的冲击下,以史为鉴,研究对外开放对中国经济转型发展的关键作用具有重要的意义。本文基于中国近代口岸开埠的准自然实验,以地区创业活动作为经济发展研究的切入点,利用近代海关(1842—1912年)、近代创业(1842—1927年)和现代创业(2004—2013年)数据,在一个跨越百年的视角下研究对外开放对中国经济活动所带来的短期和长期的影响,以及这种影响的扩散路径和形成的内在机理。研究发现,一百多年前近代口岸的开埠显著促进了近代和现代地区创业活动的发展,并对口岸腹地存在一定的溢出效应,而创业文化和人力资本是地区开放产生长期影响的主要作用机制。这一结论从历史视角为理解“一带一路”倡议和自贸区发展战略等开放性政策对中国区域发展的重要作用提供了理论支撑和现实依据。Opening up to the outside world plays a critical role in the economic development of China.Over the past 40 years,driven by the policy of reform and opening-up,China has created a"miracle"that has amazed the world.The GDP has increased by more than 30 times,and both the imports and exports,and the FDI have achieved a new level.It's proven that the opening-up policy can not only exert a short-term impact on trade volume and income growth,but also leave a long-term legacy by causing a huge transformation of the social structure and culture.In modern history(1840-today),China have experienced two obvious opening-up processes.Compared with the high-profile and hugely successful reform and opening-up process(1978-present),the opening of historical ports after the Opium War in 1842 was a forced opening-up process under the threat of the Western powers,but marked an important turning point in China's integration into the world and modernization process,and of great significance to understand the profound impact of opening up on China's economic and social activities from the perspective of long-term evolution.Therefore,based on the data of port openings(1842-1912)in Chinese Maritime Customs Historical Archives,the data of modern entrepreneurial activities(1842-1927)in National Capitalism and the Old Chinese Government(1840-1937),and China's first,second and third economic censuses data on modern entrepreneurial activities(2004-2013),this paper selected 110 cities located along the coast or rivers(including the main streams and tributaries of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River)as samples to study the long-term impact of opening-up on economic activities.The study finds that with the same geographical endowment conditions along the coast or rivers,the existence of historical ports had not only significant impact on entrepreneurial activities in the modern times,but also long-term impact on today's entrepreneurship.This study then adopts Changguan(historical customs)as the instrumental variable of the historical ports t

关 键 词：近代开埠口岸 创业活动 溢出效应 创业文化 人力资本 

分 类 号：F125.1[经济管理—世界经济]