公私法衔接下的不动产物权分割  

On the Division of Real Right in Immovable Property under the Interface of Public Law and Private Law

作　　者：石一峰 Shi Yifeng(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,杭州310008 [2]中国人民大学与海德堡大学

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2023年第3期44-54,157,158,共13页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“优化营商环境背景下商事信用权法律保护问题研究”(项目批准号:19SFB3030);“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”资助。

摘　　要：不动产物权分割是涉及公法与私法等多重维度的复杂法学问题。其中,分割协议行为虽一般是当事人意思自治下的私法行为,但因均涉及宗地使用权分割而会受到公法上审批行为的影响。在公法面向上,审批主体应当由国土资源主管部门牵头,征询城乡规划、住建等其他主管部门意见形成一份审批文件,以简化审批流程。审批标准应当参照《不动产单元设定与代码编制规则》《地籍调查规程》等有关规定,从分割的必要性和可行性出发明确分割与转让的要求。同时,审批行为性质为具备外部性的行政审批行为,应当允许权利主体提起行政诉讼以获得救济。在私法面向上,审批行为不影响不动产物权分割协议的效力。未经审批或审批不能情形下,分割转让协议效力不受影响,但协议本身将陷入履行障碍。当事人可通过违约救济或解除合同等妥善分配风险和责任。The division of real right in immovable property is a complicated legal issue involving multiple perspectives,such as public law and private law.The contract concerning the division of real right in immovable property,although generally a private behavior under the parties’autonomy,will be affected by the approval behavior in public law because of the partitioning of land use right.In the aspect of public law,the approval authorities,led by the land and resources authorities,shall formulate an approval document after soliciting the opinions of other authorities including urban and rural planning,housing and urban-rural development,so as to simplify the approval procedures.The approval standards shall refer to the relevant provisions of Regulations on Real Property Unit Formation and Identifier Coding,Regulations for Cadastral Survey,and other regulations.Additionally,the approval standards shall specify the requirements for division and transfer in consideration of the necessity and feasibility.Meanwhile,the approval is a type of administrative approval behavior with externality.Given this nature,the subjects of right should be entitled to initiate an administrative lawsuit to obtain relief.In the aspect of private law,the approval does not affect the validity of contract concerning division and transferof real right in immovable property.To the contract without approval or with impossibility of performance,its validity would not be affected.However,the contract itself would fall into the impediment to performance.In this case,the parties concerned could properly allocate risks and liabilities through default liabilities or contract rescission.

关 键 词：不动产物权分割 审批行为 协议效力 交叉视角 复杂法学 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]