批判理论与反殖民主义:基于外部化社会批判的分析  

Critical Theory and Anti-colonialism:An Analysis Based on Critique of Externalization

作　　者：李丽 周爱民 Li Li;Zhou Aimin(Department of International Relations,Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620;School of Marxism,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际关系学系,上海201620 [2]同济大学马克思主义学院,上海200092

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2023年第3期114-121,139,160,共10页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“西方干预话语与实践的批判性研究”(2018EGJ002)。

摘　　要：在法兰克福学派批判理论发展史中,殖民主义问题曾长期遭到忽视。以艾伦为代表的理论家们认为,这种忽视是当代批判理论建构逻辑的必然产物。然而,艾伦对当代批判理论的论述并非是今日批判理论发展的全副图景。通过考察莱塞尼希的外部化社会理论,可以表明批判理论能够融入殖民主义研究的新视角。之所以外部化社会理论可以代表当代批判理论的新发展路向,是因为它是对“社会实践”概念的进一步拓展分析,而对社会实践概念的强调是当代批判理论发展的新特征。从社会实践概念出发,可以从结构、进程和实践三个层次把握外部化社会现象,它们分别对应着权力、剥削和惯习,其中实践层面的分析是外部化社会的决定性维度。外部化社会惯习的形成还依赖个体心理层面的支持,外部化实践不仅是外部化社会的社会实践,也是心理实践,它通过外包、分离和转移的机制而运作。外部化社会理论在反殖民主义叙事方面的贡献是,能够有效地补充新马克思主义世界体系理论所忽视的持续增长维度,能够更准确地把握殖民主义批判的对象,能够更好地批判资本主义社会中的意识形态。In the history of the development of Frankfurt School’s critical theory,the issue of colonialism has been neglected for a long time.Theorists represented by Allen believe that this neglect is an inevitable product of the construction logic of contemporary critical theory.However,Allen’s account of contemporary critical theory is not a complete picture of the development of critical theory today.Examining Lessenich’s social theory of externalization shows that critical theory can be integrated into new perspectives in the study of colonialism.The reason why externalized social theory can represent a new development direction of contemporary critical theory is that it is a further expansion and analysis of the concept of“social practice”,and the emphasis on the concept of social practice is a new feature of the development of contemporary critical theory.Starting from the concept of social practice,externalized social phenomena can be grasped from three levels:structure,process,and practice,which correspond to power,exploitation,and habitus respectively.The analysis at the practical level is the decisive dimension of externalized society.The formation of externalized social habitus also depends on the support of the individual psychological level.Externalized practice is not only the social practice of the externalized society,but also the psychological practice.It operates through the mechanism of outsourcing,separation and diversion.The contribution of externalized society theory to anti-colonial narrative is that it can effectively supplement the dimension of continuous growth neglected by neo-Marxist world system theory,and can more accurately grasp the object of colonialism’s criticism,and can better criticize the ideology in the capitalist society.

关 键 词：批判理论 莱塞尼希 外部化 殖民主义 

分 类 号：B15[哲学宗教—世界哲学] D066[政治法律—政治学]