国家卫生行政与城市妇幼卫生的基层实践——以20世纪50年代上海联合妇幼保健站为中心的考察  

State Health Administration and Maternal and Child Health Grassroots Practice:Shanghai United Maternal and Child Health Centres in the 1950s

作　　者：王瀛培 WANG Ying-pei(School of Marxism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,Anhui Province,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学马克思主义学院,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2023年第1期72-89,共18页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

基　　金：2019年安徽高校人文社会科学研究重点项目“中国共产党中央领导集体人民观演变研究”(项目编号:SK2019A0281)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：国家卫生行政指国家各级行政机关中设置相应的卫生行政组织与机构,利用国家权力与地方行政权力制定医疗卫生方针政策以及开展布置、控制、协调、监督等活动,从而保障和增进全民健康。新中国成立初期,因公立医疗机构妇幼保健人员严重不足,为了面向基层群众开展妇幼卫生工作,国家卫生行政部门将社会上分散的私人开业助产士和少数妇产科医师在自愿基础上按合作化的形式组织起来,成立了联合妇幼保健站。20世纪50年代,上海联合妇幼保健站承担了“以保健为中心,临床与保健相结合,面向基层,面向群体,预防为主”这一妇幼卫生工作方针指导下的大部分任务。国家卫生行政对其持之以恒的整顿与规范也非常重要。最终,联合妇幼保健站经过合作化、民办公助等方式发展为社会主义集体所有制的地段医院或卫生院。上海联合妇幼保健站的探索成为国家卫生行政领导下城市妇幼卫生基层实践的重要组成部分。State health administration encompasses the health departments of various levels of the government that resort to state power and local authority to adopt policy to install means to control,and coordinate in monitoring challenges to population health.After the founding of new China,there was a severe shortage of maternal and child health workers in public health institutions.The state health administration mobilized private midwives and few obstetricians to voluntarily come together to form a maternal and child health centre on a cooperative basis to deliver care in grassroots communities.In the 1950s,the united maternal and child health centres in Shanghai assumed the majority responsibilities for implementing the policy of“centering on maternal and child health,combining clinical health and care,and facing grassroots and the masses with a focus on prevention”.The state health administration also paid significant attention to these centres to improve their organization.Ultimately,these united maternal and child health centres underwent collectivization with public support to grow into local hospitals.The use of united maternal and child health centres in Shanghai was an important component of urban community practice of maternal and child health under the leadership of state health administration.

关 键 词：妇幼卫生 预防保健 联合妇幼保健站 上海 

分 类 号：D442.6[政治法律—政治学]