南疆大风气候特征分析及其对沙尘天气的影响  

Analysis on Characteristics of Gale Climate in South Xinjiang and Its Influence on Sandstrom

作　　者：杨显玉 朱俊橙 文军 孟丽霞 赵勇 孟宪红 吕世华 YANG Xianyu;ZHU Juncheng;WEN Jun;MENG Lixia;ZHAO Yong;MENG Xianhong;LÜShihua(College of Atmospheric Sciences/Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,Sichuan,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Xinjiang Karamay Meteorological Bureau,Karamay 834000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院/高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室,四川成都610225 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]新疆克拉玛依市气象局,新疆克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《高原气象》2023年第1期186-196,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41975130,41975081,41930759,41975012);云南电网公司科技项目(YNKJXM20160032)。

摘　　要：利用1961-2015年南疆23个地面气象站大风和沙尘暴资料,采用大风集中度和大风集中期的方法,讨论了年内大风频数的时空分布特征及其对沙尘天气的影响。结果表明:(1)沙尘天气频数和大风天气频数有着良好的正相关关系;南疆沙尘天气年际变化趋势与大风天气基本一致,1979年后发生突变性减少,2000年以后趋于平稳。(2)南疆地区年内大风季节长短较为固定(4-8月),月内大风次数均在20次以上,年内大风天气出现最多的时段主要是5月中下旬到6月初期间,且有提前出现的趋势。(3)盆地北部是大风频发区,大风次数年际变化较为剧烈;盆地南部是大风少发区,大风次数年际变化幅度不大。其中盆地北部等地区(喀什、巴州北部)年内大风天气发生情况较为集中,大风季节较短,爆发期在5月下旬以后;盆地南部等地区(和田、克州等地区)年内大风天气发生情况较为分散,大风季节较长,爆发期主要在5月中旬以前。Based on the gale-concentration degree and gale-concentration period,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of gale frequency and its influence on sandstroms are analyzed with the observation gale and sandstroms data for the peiod from 1961 to 2015 from surface meteorological stations.The following conclusions were drawn:(1)There is a good positive correlation between the frequency of sandstroms weather and the frequency of gale weather.The interannual variation trend of sand and sandstroms weather in southern Xinjiang is basically the same as that of gale weather.The frequency of sandstroms decreased abruptly after 1979 and stabilized after 2000.(2)The duration of the gale season was relatively fixed(April-August),and the frequency of gale in each month was more than 20,during the year,the gale weather occurred mainly between mid-late May and early June,and there is a tendency to appear in advance.(3)Northern Tarim Basin is the area with frequent gale,and the inter-annual changes in gale days are more intense.Southern Tarim Basin is a region with fewer gale,and the frequency of gale varies little from year to year.Among them,the northern part of the South Xinjiang Basin(Kashgar,northern Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture)has more concentrated gale weather during the year,the gale season is shorter,and the outbreak period is after late May;the southern regions(Hotan,Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture,etc.)have gale windy weather during the year The situation is more dispersed,the gale season is longer,and the outbreak period is mainly before mid-May.

关 键 词：南疆 大风集中度 大风集中期 沙尘暴 

分 类 号：P468.026[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]