再论侦查阶段律师帮助权的理论界定与内涵拓展——以Salduz案为例  

On the Theoretical Definition and Connotation Extension of the Right to Counsel in the Investigation: Taking the Salduz Case as an Example

作　　者：张全涛[1,2,3] ZHANG Quantao(Information Security Department of Chongqing Police College)

机构地区：[1]重庆警察学院信息安全系 [2]重庆国家安全与社会治理研究院 [3]西南政法大学刑事检察研究中心

出　　处：《人权法学》2023年第1期87-111,157,158,共27页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：重庆市教委科学技术项目《大数据侦查时代公民个人信息权利保障研究》(项目编号KJQN201901709);重庆市教委科学技术项目《大数据证据运用规则研究》(项目编号KJQN202101707);重庆市教委高等教育教学改革一般研究项目《“新文科”建设背景下<大数据侦查>一流课程内容的设计与实践》(项目编号213388)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：侦查阶段的律师帮助权是实现公正审判的重要基础,也是公正审判权的应有之义。侦查阶段律师帮助权的内涵和外延因各国司法实践的差异而有所区别。在经典的Salduz案判决生效并执行完毕后,欧洲人权法院最终系统性地总结了侦查阶段律师帮助权的基本内涵、行使起点、边界范围和例外限制等内容。欧洲人权法院对侦查阶段律师帮助权的总结不但对成员国和其他欧洲国家的刑事司法改革起到了积极的推动作用,而且为世界其他国家的刑事辩护制度完善提供了可参照的理论框架。借鉴侦查阶段律师帮助权的欧洲范式,有助于明确律师帮助权的行使起点、重申律师帮助权的辩护职能定位、细化律师帮助权的职责范围和完善律师帮助权的侵权救济,进而推动侦查阶段律师帮助权的相关制度机制走向成熟。The right to counsel during the investigation is an important foundation to realize the fair trial, and is the core element of the right to fair trial. The theoretical connotation and extension of the right to counsel during the investigation vary with different judicial practices over the world.After the decision of the Salduz case entered into force, the European Court of Human Rights ultimately summarized the "European paradigm" of the right to counsel in the investigation: the exercise of the right to counsel in the investigation should start from the time when the public authorities of the State have a substantial impact on the situation of the person being prosecuted, the scope of exercising the right should cover three aspects: substantive law, procedural law and evidence law, and the restrictive provisions of the exercise of the right should be made in an explicit manner and the provision of minimum symmetrical measures is required. The summary of the European Court of Human Rights on the right to counsel in the investigation has not only given a positive impetus to the criminal justice reform in member states and other European countries, but also set an example of the theoretical framework for improving criminal defense systems in other countries.Based on the judicial facts of criminal cases in China, the plea leniency system has made a practical leap from pilot testing to relevant legislation, as a system comprising dual value of substantive leniency and procedural simplicity, and has become a prominent achievement of China’s criminal judicial reform since the 18th National Congress of CPC. Speaking of practical effect, the plea leniency system has demonstrated the critical value in minimizing citizens’ burden and enhancing judicial efficiency, both in terms of the rate of application in criminal cases and the simplification of procedures in trial.Given the fact that China is now constructing the judicial pilot testing system of lawyers’ assistance in defense through the entire procedure of crimi

关 键 词：侦查阶段 律师帮助权 公正审判权 认罪认罚从宽制度 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]