试论美国早期的自耕农传统与“农业神话”  

An Approach to the Agrarian Tradition and “Agrarian Myth” in Early America

作　　者：原祖杰[1] YUAN Zu-jie

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院,成都610064

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2023年第1期169-181,239,共14页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA211)。

摘　　要：从殖民地时期到建国初期的早期美国社会是一个以自耕农为主的农业社会,自耕农的独立、自足与社区意识,不仅成为早期移民在新大陆安身立命的生活目标,也成为杰斐逊民主的基础和“美国信条”的依托;不仅吸引了欧洲人的“他者”眼光,也加强了美国人的文化自信。从知识精英到普通大众对自耕农精神的认同和褒扬被理查德·霍夫斯塔特称为“农业神话”,而这一切又构成了城市化转型中很多新城市人乡村情结的核心。19世纪粗放的城市化虽然为美国人创造了更多的工作机会,却也难掩新城市人对静谧、和谐的乡村生活的眷恋。自耕农传统和“农业神话”不仅长期左右着美国早期的政治和文化,也影响到后来的城市规划和郊区化趋势。The American society from the colonial period to early republic was still an agrarian society centered around self-supporting farmers,whose independence,self-sufficiency,and community consciousness were not only the aims of early immigrants seeking to settle down on the new continent,but also the basis of Jefferson Democracy and " American Creed";not only attracted the attention from the European " others",but also encourage the cultural confidence of Americans.The acknowledgement and appreciation from the intellectual elite and ordinary people toward the agrarian spirits were called " agrarian myth" by Richard Hofstadter,which formed the core of agrarian nostalgia held by many new city dwellers during the process of urbanization.Though the extensive urbanization created many job opportunities for Americans,but it could not hide their nostalgia for rural life full of calmness and harmony.Agrarian tradition and "agrarian myth" influenced not only early American politics and culture for a long period,but also city planning and suburbanization tendency later.

关 键 词：美国历史 自耕农传统 城市化转型 乡村情结 “农业神话” 杰斐逊民主 

分 类 号：F371.2[经济管理—产业经济]