从环境治理到经济再开发——20世纪90年代美国城市棕地治理政策的转向  

From Environmental Cleaning to Economic Redevelopment:The Economic Turn of Brownfield Management Policy of American Cities

作　　者：孙群郎[1] 郑殿娟 SUN Qun-lang;ZHENG Dian-juan

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院,金华321004 [2]浙江师范大学图文信息中心,金华321004

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2023年第1期195-207,240,共14页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BSS037);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(19YJA770013)。

摘　　要：美国的工业化和去工业化为美国城市留下了一份极具挑战性的“遗产”,即众多污染程度不同的工商业废弃地,学术界也称之为“棕地”。美国国会于1980年通过了《超级基金法》,决定对这些棕地进行环境治理。由于起初过于强调环境污染的“彻底治理”,导致私人资本、各州以及地方政府的积极性不高,效果不明显。20世纪90年代以后,美国环保局降低了棕地的环境治理标准,关注的重点由环境治理转向经济发展,私人资本和各级政府都积极参与进来,棕地治理取得了显著效果。The industrialization and deindustrialization left American cities a very challenging legacy,that is so many polluted industrial and business lands,Which are also called"brownfields".The Congress of the U.S.passed a Superfund Act in 1980,Which decided to clean up these brownfields.But the standards of cleaning up policies were so strict that there were too few private companies and local governments to act actively.In early 1990s,the Environmental Protection Agency lowered the standard of cleaning up,and emphasized the economic redevelopment of the brownfields,so the private capital and local governments took part in the program,and the environmental regulation received remarkable effects.

关 键 词：美国城市 环境治理 “棕地” 《超级基金法》 经济发展政策 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.6[经济管理—国民经济] F299.712[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X32