霸权护持与超越——高科技产业全球价值链竞争的政治经济学  

Hegemonic Maintenance and Transcendence:The Political Economy of Global Value Chain Competition in High-Tech Industries

作　　者：刘洪钟 Liu Hongzhong(the Shanghai Academy of Clobal Governance&Area Studies,Shanghai International Studies University)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学上海全球治理与区域国别研究院,上海201620

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2023年第2期128-154,159,160,共29页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新形势下全球价值链重构对国际经济权力转移的影响及中国应对策略研究”(项目批准号:20&ZD143)的资助。

摘　　要：以半导体为主的高科技产业竞争是中美两国竞争的关键领域。与工业化时代不同,在全球分工深度融合发展的当今时代,中美高科技产业竞争是一种融合了技术竞争、制造能力竞争和市场竞争的混合竞争,综合体现为对全球价值链主导权的争夺。通过构建技术、制造能力和市场“三位一体”的全球价值链权力模型,从理论层面考察了全球价值链中权力的来源和权力竞争的本质,霸权国的权力垄断形成于对三者的体系性控制,但崛起国的后发优势则使其有机会通过技术撬动、制造能力提升和市场权力俘获而改变价值链中的单极权力结构,形成与主导国的权力平衡和对称性竞争。日美和中美半导体产业竞争的不同境况对上述理论提供了有力证据。日本通过技术赶超和制造能力提升实现了半导体产业的崛起,但市场权力的缺乏使其无法形成对该产业的体系性控制,从而在面对美国霸权胁迫时无力掌控自己的命运。中国在半导体产业的制造能力和技术能力虽然还处于赶超阶段,但巨大的国内市场规模使其能够与缺乏制造能力的美国形成双向非对称相互依赖关系,从而为中国在全球价值链中最终实现与美国的平等竞争关系奠定了现实基础。The high-tech industry competition represented by semiconductor is the key field of competition between China and the United States.Different from the industrialization era,in today's era of deep integration and global division of labor,Sino-US high-tech industry competition is a mixed competition integrating technology competition,manufacturing capacity competition and market competition,which is comprehensively reflected in the competition for the dominance of the global value chain.By constructing a power model of the trinity of technology,manufacturing capacity and market in the global value chain,the author analyzes the source of power and the nature of power competition in the global value chain theoretically,and holds that the power monopoly of hegemonic countries is formed by the systematic control of the three.However,the latecomer advantage of the rising powers gives them the opportunity to change the unipolar power structure in the value chain through technological leverage,manufacturing capacity improvement and market power capture,and form the power balance and symmetrical competition with the leading countries.The different characteristics of Japan-US competition and Sino-US competition in semiconductor industry provide strong evidence for the hypothesis.Japan caught up with the semiconductor industry through technological catch-up and manufacturing capability improvement,but the lack of market power made it unable to form a systematic control over the industry,so that it could not control its own destiny in the face of the hegemonic coercion of the United States.Unlike Japan,although China's manufacturing capacity and technical capacity in the semiconductor industry are still catching up,its huge market scale enables it to form a two-way asymmetric interdependence relationship with the United States,which lacks manufacturing capacity,thus providing a realistic basis for China to eventually form an equal competition relationship with the United States in the global value chain.

关 键 词：高科技产业 全球价值链竞争 技术霸权 制造能力 市场权力 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]