减氮配施生物炭对水稻产量及不同生育期氮素累积的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Accompanied by Biochar Application on Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation of Rice at Various Growth Stages

作　　者：徐彬 王小利[1] 蒙婼熙 杨宏伟 龙大勇 梅婷婷 段建军 XU Bin;WANG Xiaoli;MENG Ruoxi;YANG Hongwei;LONG Dayong;MEI Tingting;DUAN Jianjun(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;College of Tobacco,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学烟草学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2022年第12期1528-1535,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州大学培育项目(贵大培育[2019]12号);国家自然科学基金项目(31860160)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究化学氮肥减量配施不同生物炭比例的还田效应,为稻田秸秆生物炭高效利用提供依据。【方法】采用田间定位试验,共设6个处理:对照CK(不施氮肥,只施磷钾肥)、常规施肥T0(100%化肥氮)、T1(90%化肥氮+2.5 t·hm^(-2)生物炭)、T2(80%化肥氮+5.0 t·hm^(-2)生物炭)、T3(70%化肥氮+7.5 t·hm^(-2)生物炭)、T4(60%化肥氮+10.0 t·hm^(-2)生物炭)。每个处理3次重复,按随机区组排列。【结果】水稻产量随减氮配施生物炭比例增加呈先增加后降低趋势,以T2处理最高,较常规施肥T0处理显著提高了10.22%(P<0.05)。3个时期地上部和根系各处理氮素累积量分别为T2和T3处理最高,且氮素累积量均成熟期最高;与T0处理相比,成熟期T1、T2和T3处理的秸秆和籽粒及根系氮素累积量分别提高了5.05%~15.96%、4.65%~21.45%和6.76%~19.00%,且籽粒部分氮素累积量最高。T1~T4处理的秸秆生物量、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率较T0处理分别提高了5.34%~41.44%、17.43%~63.81%和42.50%~85.93%,T1、T2和T3处理的氮肥表观利用率提高了77.12%~106.79%,均T2处理最高;与T0处理相比,T1处理的氮素收获指数降低,其余处理均增加。【结论】80%化肥氮+5.0t·hm^(-2)生物炭能显著增加水稻产量、提高氮肥利用效率和促进水稻对氮素的累积。【Objective】 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction accompanied by a biochar addition on the yield and nutrient conversion of rice plants were analyzed to promote straw waste utilization in paddy fields. 【Method】 In a field experiment,designated lots was assigned for fertilization on rice plants using either only P and K but no N fertilizer(CK), conventional100% N fertilization(T0), 90% N fertilization with addition of 2.5 t·hm^(-2)biochar(T1), 80% N fertilization with addition of 5.0t·hm^(-2)biochar(T2), 70% N fertilization with addition of 7.5 t·hm^(-2)biochar(T3), or 60% N fertilization with addition of 10.0t·hm^(-2)biochar(T4). The triplicated treatments were arranged by random block group. 【Results】 The rice yield increased as the N fertilizer was increasingly reduced along with the added biochar to peak at the T2 treatment. The 10.22% increase over T0 was significant(P<0.05), but it started to decline upon further reduction on N. The greatest N accumulation in the rice shoots was found under T2 as well as in the roots under T3 and at maturation. Under T1, T2, and T3, the N accumulations in the straws of a rice plant at maturity increased by 5.05%–15.96%, in the roots by 6.76%–19.00%, and the highest in the grains by 4.65%–21.45%over T0. The straw biomass, N partial productivity, and N agronomic efficiency increased by 5.34%–41.44%, 17.43%–63.81%, and42.50%–85.93% over T0 under T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, while the apparent N utilization enhanced by 77.12%–106.79% with T2 being the most. The N harvest index of T1 was lower than T0, but higher than other treatments. 【Conclusion】 The 80%N fertilization with the addition of 5.0 t·hm^(-2)biochar(T2) significantly increased the yield, N utilization efficiency, and N accumulation of the rice plants.

关 键 词：水稻产量 生物炭 生育期 氮素累积量 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]