考虑灌水均匀性及年费用的不规则微灌单元管网优化布置  

Optimal layout of microirrigation network for irregular shaped subunits considering uniformity of irrigation and annual cost

作　　者：张吉娜 王珍[1] 李敏[2] 李久生[1] ZHANG Jina;WANG Zhen;LI Min;LI Jiusheng(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水利学报》2023年第2期208-219,共12页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51790531,52279053);流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题(SKL2020ZY07)。

摘　　要：为了评估不规则微灌单元毛管单双向布置时出水桩位置、单元控制面积和单元形状参数对单元水力性能和年费用的影响,利用Matlab和EPANET软件构建了微灌水力设计及评价模型HAPIS(Hydraulic Analysis of Pressurized Irrigation System)。以直角三角形的不规则微灌单元为例,集成水力性能和年费用计算的评估结果表明,毛管单双向布置模式下,通过出水桩位置优化可使微灌单元流量偏差率分别降低29%和7%,毛管双向布置可有效降低灌水均匀性对出水桩位置的敏感性。出水桩布置在长毛管分布区域有助于降低灌溉年费用。支管直径一定时,随微灌单元控制面积增加,微灌单元流量偏差率和年费用分别呈明显升高和降低趋势。支管公称外径40~63 mm时采用毛管单向布置,支管公称外径≥75 mm时采用毛管双向布置,是提高单元控制面积的有效方法。不规则单元中不宜使用过大直径支管(如公称外径90 mm),以避免支管单价较高造成的灌溉单元年费用明显升高。相同控制面积下,毛管双向布置可降低直角三角形单元底角变化对灌水均匀性的影响,灌水均匀性高于毛管单向布置。基于构建的HAPIS模型可实现微灌单元水力性能和年费用的优化,为规模化滴灌系统的设计和运行提供支撑。A model(HAPIS)was constructed for hydraulic analysis of pressurized irrigation system coupling the MATLAB and EPANET.The optimization and evaluation of hydraulic and economic performance of microirrigation system was realized by calculating the irrigation system uniformity and annual cost.Analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of water intake position(WIP),control area(S)and bottom angle(α)of right-angled triangle subunits with unidirectional laterals(M 1)and paired laterals(M 2).The results indicated that the discharge deviation(q v)decreased by 29.3%and 6.8%for M 1 and M 2 with optimization of the WIP,respectively.The M 2 effectively reduced the sensitivity of system uniformity to the WIP.Locating the water intake of manifold near the longer laterals was beneficial to reduce the annual cost.The discharge deviation and annual cost increased and decreased greatly with the control area in subunit under a constant external diameter of manifold,respectively.The M 1 and M 2 were recommended to be applied to increase the maximal control area when the external diameter of manifold was greater and less than 63 mm,respectively.Manifold with excessively large external diameter(e.g.,90 mm)should not be used to avoid the obvious increase of annual cost caused by the high price of the manifold.Under the same control area,the irrigation system uniformity in M 2 was not sensitive to the change of bottom angle.The irrigation uniformity in subunits with paired laterals is obviously higher than those with unidirectional laterals.Further development and application of the constructed model HAPIS could provide great support for the design and operation of large-scale drip irrigation systems.

关 键 词：微灌 不规则单元 管网优化 水力模拟 经济评价 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]