长江口九段沙近期冲淤演变及对湿地自然保护区的影响  

Recent Morphological Evolution of Jiuduansha Shoal and Its Influence on Jiuduansha Wetland National Nature Reserve

作　　者：程海峰 刘杰 王珍珍 叶婷婷 谢滢芳 李添彦 CHENG Haifeng;LIU Jie;WANG Zhenzhen;YE Tingting;XIE Yingfang;LI Tianyan(Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Project of Ministry of Transport,Shanghai Estuarine and Coastal Science Research Center,Shanghai 201201,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;・Shanghai Estuarine and Coastal Engineering Consulting Ltd.,Shanghai 201201,China;China Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]上海河口海岸科学研究中心河口海岸交通行业重点实验室,上海201201 [2]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098 [3]上海河口海岸工程咨询有限公司,上海201201 [4]华设设计集团股份有限公司,南京210014

出　　处：《长江技术经济》2023年第1期63-69,77,共8页Technology and Economy of Changjiang

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U2040204);上海市科技创新行动计划项目(21DZ1201002)。

摘　　要：基于1998—2021年长江口系列水下地形资料,分析了九段沙近期冲淤演变情况及其对湿地自然保护区的影响。结果表明:近期,九段沙呈长“高”不长“大”、北侧受工程守护稳定淤涨、南侧局部冲淤变化显著的演变特征;长江口深水航道治理工程南导堤使江亚南沙头部和九段沙北边界得以稳定,促进了江亚南沙、九段沙高滩的淤涨;南槽航道治理一期工程促使江亚南沙上部窜沟由冲转淤,增强了江亚南沙稳定性;流域减沙和周边涉水工程引起九段沙南沿及尾部低滩冲刷,减少了九段沙保护区的湿地面积,破坏了九段沙湿地的完整性和稳定性。未来,流域来沙可能继续维持较低水平,九段沙南沿及尾部面临进一步冲蚀的风险,亟需研究守护九段沙保护区湿地的工程措施。According to underwater topographic data of the Yangtze Estuary from 1998 to 2021,we probed into the influence of recent morphological evolution of Jiuduansha Shoal on Jiuduansha Wetland National Nature Reserve.The results unravel that Jiuduansha Shoal tended to silt in height instead of expanding in scale during the last two decades.The north side of Jiuduansha Shoal saw steady siltation under artificial protection,and the south side notable local erosion and silting.The southern dike of the Yangtze Estuary Deepwater Channel Regulation Project stabilized the head of South Jiangya Shoal and the north boundary of Jiuduansha Shoal,and accelerated the high mudflat deposition of south Jiangya Shoal and Jiuduansha Shoal.The phase I of South Passage Channel Regulation Project promoted the transfer from scouring to silting in the upper ditch of south Jiangya Shoal,which also enhanced the stability of south Jiangya Shoal.Sediment reduction in the basin and adjacent water-related projects reduced the wetland area of Jiuduansha Wetland National Nature Reserve and destroyed the integrity and stability of Jiuduansha Wetland by scouring the tidal flats along the south and tail of Jiuduansha Shoal.In future,sediment supply in the river basin may maintain a lower level,the south side and tail of Jiuduansha Shoal will face a risk of further erosion.It is urgent to study engineering measures to protect the Jiuduansha Wetland National Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：九段沙 湿地 地貌演变 自然保护区 长江口 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV148