江西某铜矿废石堆周边土壤对重金属的吸附——解吸行为  

Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Heavy Metals on Soils around a Copper Mine Waste Dump in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：张鹏飞 董颖博 林海 昝金雨 ZHANG Pengfei;DONG Yingbo;LIN Hai;ZAN Jinyu(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,Beijing 102628,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]工业典型污染物资源化处理北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [3]矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室,北京102628

出　　处：《金属矿山》2023年第2期239-246,共8页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2019YFC1805001);矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:BGRIMM-KJSKL-2022-07)。

摘　　要：金属矿废石堆作为重金属污染源头之一,产生的污染具有长期性。从废石中溶出释放的重金属向堆场及周边外环境迁移扩散造成污染,吸附—解吸过程是影响重金属在废石堆周边土壤中迁移的重要因素。以江西某铜矿废石堆周边土壤为对象,研究了土壤p H值、铁氧化物含量和微生物对土壤中Cu、Cd和Cr吸附—解吸行为的影响。结果表明,pH值与土壤中Cu、Cd的吸附量呈正相关,土壤p H值越低对Cu和Cd的吸附量越小,越易于解吸;而Cr呈相反规律,低p H值会提升土壤对Cr的吸附量,降低解吸量。土壤中Fe_(2)O_(3)含量的升高能有效提高土壤对3种重金属的吸附效果,可起到钝化重金属的作用,当Fe_(2)O_(3)添加量为20%时,土壤对重金属Cr的吸附率相比对照组提升了19.27%。氧化亚铁硫杆菌及氧化硫硫杆菌的存在对3种重金属在土壤中的吸附均起到一定的抑制作用,且有效促进了吸附在土壤中重金属的解吸。研究结果可为重金属在废石堆周边土壤中迁移扩散规律研究及污染调控提供指导。The metal ore waste rock dump is one of the main sources of the heavy metal pollution. The heavy metals released from waste rock can migrate and spread into the dump site and the surrounding environment. Adsorption-desorption is a major factor affecting heavy metal migration of heavy metals in soil. In this paper,the soil of a waste rock dump of a copper mine was taken as the object,and the effects of soil pH,iron oxides contents and microorganisms on the adsorption-desorption behavior of different heavy metals in the soil were studied. The results showed that p H was positively correlated with the adsorption of Cu and Cd in the soil. The lower the soil p H,the smaller the adsorption amounts of Cu and Cd,and the more desorption. In contrast to Cr,low soil pH will increase the adsorption of Cr in the soil and reduce the desorption capacity. The increase of Fe_(2)O_(3)content in soil can effectively improve the adsorption effect of soil on heavy metals and play a role in passivating heavy metals. When the Fe_(2)O_(3)adding content was 20%,the soil adsorption rates of heavy metals Cr were increased by 19. 27%,compared with the control group.Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans inhibited the adsorption of three kinds of heavy metals in soil to a certain extent,and effectively promoted the desorption of heavy metals adsorbed in soil. The results can provide guidance for the migration and diffusion law of heavy metals in the soil and regulation of the contaminated soil.

关 键 词：铜矿废石 土壤 重金属吸附—解吸 pH值 铁氧化物 微生物 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]