论监察权力概念的历史:从霍布斯到马克思  

On the History of the Concept of Power of Supervision:From Hobbes to Marx

作　　者：卫跃宁[1] 赵伟中 WEI Yue-ning;ZHAO Wei-zhong(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期102-114,共13页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：北京市教委专项课题“监察权的刑事诉讼属性研究”(ZFZX007)。

摘　　要：作为政治权力的监察权力概念是社会历史发展的产物。它的出现与近代社会契约论阐释国家权力的合法性密切相关,契约论创造了平等个体的现代性观念,并在此基础上发展出了制约国家权力的权力分立理论。但是,这种不纯粹的权力分立理论的背后特征是“占有性个人主义”,其以实用性为目的出发仍无法遏制现代化滋生的腐败。为此,卢梭通过“普遍意志”的概念为监察权力奠定了道德基础;经康德政治哲学对卢梭的改造后,先验道德基础与现实制度设计的矛盾仍然没有得到化解,只有到黑格尔那里才为国家主义提供了现实性的存在依据。最终,马克思无产阶级政党理论建立在国家主义的前提之上,诞生了奠基于伦理共同体的“自我革命式”的监察权力的概念,使其真正地落地。The concept of power of supervision as a political power is a product of social and historical developments.It is closely linked to the social contract theory to interpret the legitimacy of state power,which created the idea of a modernity of equal individuals,and on the basis of which the theory of the separation of powers developed to provide a framework to restrict the power of the state.But the characteristic behind this impure theory of the separation of powers is“possessive individualism”,which could not contain the corruption that modernity fostered because of its pragmatic purposes.For this reason,Rousseau laid the moral foundations for supervisory power through the concept of the“general will”.After the transformation of Rousseau’s theory by Kantian political philosophy,the paradox between a prior moral foundations and realistic institutional design remained unresolved.It was not until Hegel appeared that statism was provided a realistic basis for existence.Ultimately,Marx’s theory of the proletarian party was founded on the premise of statism,giving birth to the concept of a self-revolutionary supervisory power based on an ethical community.

关 键 词：监察权力 权力制约 道德基础 历史 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]