基于图像全站仪的天文大地垂线偏差测量及其精度分析  

Astro-geodetic vertical deflection measurement and accuracy analysis based on image total station

作　　者：詹银虎[1] 张超[1] 李飞战 骆亚波 米科峰 张旭[1] 张志峰 ZHAN Yinhu;ZHANG Chao;LI Feizhan;LUO Yabo;MI Kefeng;ZHANG Xu;ZHANG Zhifeng(Institute of Geospatial Information,Information Engineering University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;The First Geodetic Surveying Brigade of MNR,Xi an 710054,China;Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410001,China;Troops 61363,Xi an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,河南郑州450001 [2]自然资源部第一大地测量队,陕西西安710054 [3]长沙理工大学,湖南长沙410001 [4]61363部队,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《测绘学报》2023年第2期175-182,共8页Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42074013)。

摘　　要：高精度天文大地垂线偏差在地球重力场模型精化、区域大地水准面模型验证等领域具有重要的应用。目前,数字天顶仪是最为常用的天文大地垂线测量仪器,但存在结构复杂、体积庞大、设备笨重、价格昂贵、运输不便等缺点。本文提出了一种利用图像全站仪实现高精度、全自动垂线偏差测量的方法。简要介绍了垂线偏差测量的基本原理和数据处理方法,并利用Leica公司生产的TS60图像全站仪,在河南郑州和陕西泾阳进行了为期1 a共计23个夜间的野外试验。结果表明,观测时间为12 min时,垂线偏差的内符合测量精度达到0.18″~0.23″;观测时间增加到96 min时,内符合精度提升至0.13″~0.19″,外符合精度优于0.2″。与数字天顶仪相比,图像全站仪兼具了测量精度和效率,甚至具备单人观测的条件,因此具有广阔的推广应用前景。High-accuracy astro-geodetic vertical deflection plays a key role in gravity model improvement as well as regional geoid refinement,et al.Now,the digital zenith camera is most widely used for astro-geodetic vertical deflection measurement,which suffers from some shortcomings,such as a complicated structure,large size and heavy weight,which makes it difficult to manufacture.A high cost and inconvenient transport are additional shortcomings.In this paper,the image total station is utilized for high-accuracy and automatic vertical deflections.The measurement principal and data processing method are briefly introduced,and 23 night field tests were conducted in Henan and Shaanxi province,using the image total station TS60 made by Leica company.The results shows that 12 minutes observations produced precisions of 0.18″~0.23″,which improved to 0.13″~0.19″by increasing the observation time to 96 minutes,and the accuracy reaches 0.2″.Unlike digital zenith cameras,the image total station has merits of both high accuracy and efficiency,and even own the capability of single-person measurement,so it has a broad prospect of application.

关 键 词：垂线偏差 图像全站仪 恒星图像 天文定位 精度分析 

分 类 号：P227[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]