物流联合外包下库存管理模式对供应链运作的影响  

The Impact of the Inventory Management Mode on the Operation of a Supply Chain with Logistics Joint Outsourcing

作　　者：冯颖 林晴 张景雄 张炎治[1] FENG Ying;LIN Qing;ZHANG Jing-xiong;ZHANG Yan-zhi(School of Economics and Management,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学经济管理学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中国管理科学》2023年第1期113-127,共15页Chinese Journal of Management Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金资助项目(18YJC630032);中央高校基本科研业务经费资助项目(2017WB14);江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2015SJD430)。

摘　　要：针对由供应商、第三方物流服务商和零售商组成的供应链,考虑供需双方将物流服务联合外包给第三方物流服务商、共同承担运费的情形,探究供应商管理库存和寄售库存两类库存管理模式的引入对供应链运作及合同设计的影响。分别在传统的零售商管理库存、仅引入寄售库存的零售商管理寄售库存以及同时引入供应商管理库存和寄售库存的供应商管理寄售库存三种模式下,构建了第三方物流服务商主导、供应商和零售商跟随的序贯非合作博弈模型,证明了所有模式下均衡的订购量/寄售量均存在且唯一,并探讨了均衡结果随零售商运费分摊比例、转移支付价格两个关键参数的变化。横向对比三种模式下的均衡结果和集中决策下的最优结果,发现:零售商管理库存模式下的均衡订购量总是低于零售商管理寄售库存模式以及集中决策下的结果,而其他库存管理模式下的订购量并非一定低于集中决策下的结果;不同库存管理模式下,均衡状态下的订购量/寄售量及供应链总的期望收益大小关系取决于供应商和零售商的类边际(毛利)贡献率,从而表明,供应链环境下,上下游成员企业的收益结构、盈利水平等对于库存决策及库存模式的选取有重要影响。此外,在绝大多数情形下,不同库存管理模式下的均衡订购量与集中决策下的最优订购量不相等,故供应链总的期望收益会出现不同程度的损失。在零售商和供应商之间引入双向调节契约,通过调节契约参数的取值范围,可在三种模式下实现供应链完美协调,并给出了各模式下系统实现帕累托改善的参数条件。The choice of inventory management mode by the core enterprise in the supply chain will affect the income of upstream and downstream members and the operation efficiency of the system. Considering a supply chain composed of a supplier, a third-party logistics service provider(TPLSP) and a retailer, when both parties of supply and demand outsource logistics services to the TPLSP jointly and share freight costs, the impact of the introduction of vendor-managed inventory(VMI) and consignment inventory(CI) on system operation and contracts design is explored. A sequential non-cooperative game model is built in which the TPLSP is the leader while the supplier and the retailer are followers under three different inventory management modes, i.e., traditional retailer managed inventory(RMI), retailer-managed-consignment inventory(RMCI) by only introducing the CI mode and vendor-managed-consignment inventory(VMCI) by introducing both the VMI and the CI mode. Then, it is proved that the equilibrium solutions of the order or consignment quantity are exist and unique under all inventory modes and discuss the changes of the equilibrium result with the retailer’s freight sharing ratio and transfer payment price. Horizontally Comparing of the equilibrium results under the three modes and the optimal results under the centralized decision-making, it is found that the equilibrium order quantity under the RMI mode is always lower than that under the RMCI mode and the centralized decision-making mode, while the order quantity under other inventory management modes is not necessarily lower than that under the centralized decision-making mode. Under different inventory modes, the size of the relationship between the order quantity or the consignment quantity and the system’s total expected profit depends on the category marginal(gross marginal) contribution ratio of the supplier and the retailer. This shows that in the supply chain environment, the income structure and profit level of the upstream and downstream enterprises has a

关 键 词：物流外包 库存管理模式 第三方物流 供应链 

分 类 号：F224[经济管理—国民经济]