中小银行发展、要素禀赋结构与城乡收入不平等  

SMB’s Development,Factor Endowment Structure and Urban-rural Income Inequality

作　　者：赵家悦 郜栋玺 Zhao Jiayue;Gao Dongxi(Lingnan College,Sun Yat-Sen University)

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院,510275

出　　处：《经济评论》2023年第1期55-72,共18页Economic Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“流动性囤积视角下的货币政策传导问题:理论、实证与政策研究”(项目编号:71973035);国家社会科学基金青年项目“交叉性金融风险水平测度、传导路径识别与监测预警研究”(项目编号:21CTJ013);广东省哲学社会科学规划2021年青年项目“新发展格局下中美经贸关系对人民币汇率的影响效应与传导机制研究”(项目编号:GD21YYJ02)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于银行业在我国金融资源配置方面举足轻重的地位,梳理了银行业结构作用于城乡收入不平等背后的重要路径,并采用我国2009—2018年省级平衡面板数据,对这一关系进行了实证检验,结果表明:以中小银行为主的银行业结构与我国城乡收入不平等之间呈现非线性关系。但二者关系在不同区域表现出明显的异质性,其中东、西部地区分别存在显著的正、负向线性效应,而中部地区则存在非线性效应。进一步考察发现,这一地区异质性主要来自要素禀赋结构的差异,即当要素禀赋结构为劳动禀赋占优时,中小银行发展能够有效缓解收入不平等;而当资本禀赋占优时,中小银行发展反而会加剧收入不平等。本文结论揭示了不同要素禀赋结构下银行业结构作用于收入不平等的差异性,对于缓解我国当前城乡收入差距问题进而实现共同富裕具有一定的政策启示。Based on the banking’s pivotal position in the allocation of China’s financial resources,this article first sorts out and clarifies the important impact and path that the banking structure has on the urban-rural income inequality,then uses China’s provincial balanced panel data from 2009-2018 to test the correlation between banking structure and income inequality.The results show that the banking structure dominated by small and medium-sized banks(hereafter SMB)has a nonlinear effect on urban-rural income inequality in China.But from the perspective of regional heterogeneity,the relationship between banking structure and urban-rural income inequality shows obvious heterogeneities in different regions.It only has significant positive and negative linear effects on the eastern and western regions,respectively,while the central region has non-linear effects.A closer inspection founds that the heterogeneities in different regions mainly come from the difference of factor endowment structure.Specifically,when the factor endowment structure is dominated by labor endowment,the banking structure dominated by SMB can effectively alleviate income inequality.When the capital endowment dominates in the factor endowment structure,the banking structure dominated by SMB will exacerbate income inequality.The conclusion of this paper reveals the differences in the effect of banking structure on income inequality under different endowment structures,which has certain policy implications for alleviating China’s current urban-rural income gap and achieving common prosperity.

关 键 词：中小银行 银行业结构 收入不平等 要素禀赋结构 

分 类 号：F832.1[经济管理—金融学]