环境政策促进中国绿色全要素生产率提升的机制、困境与对策——基于创新模式选择视角  

The Mechanism,Dilemma and Countermeasures of Environmental Policy on Promoting China’s Green Total Factor Productivity:A Perspective from Innovation Mode Selection

作　　者：张文卿 董景荣[2] 张海涛 罗佳惠 Zhang Wenqing;Dong Jingrong;Zhang Haitao;Luo Jiahui(School of Economics and Business Administration,Chongqing University;School of Economics and Management,Chongqing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学经济与工商管理学院,400044 [2]重庆师范大学经济与管理学院,401331

出　　处：《经济评论》2023年第1期126-143,共18页Economic Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“绿色技术创新视角下的西部地区环境规制研究”(项目编号:18BJY093);重庆市社会科学规划重大项目“科技创新驱动重庆‘智造重镇’建设研究”(项目编号:2020ZDJJ01)的资助。

摘　　要：本文从环境政策的创新模式选择效应视角剖析了我国绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)增速放缓现象的成因及对策。考虑投资型规制、费用型规制、研发补助三类环境政策和外源型、内源型两种创新模式,本文理论阐释并实证检验了“环境政策工具-创新模式选择-GTFP”因果传导关系,发现不同环境政策工具以创新模式选择为中介对GTFP施加动态异质性影响;环境政策工具的内源创新激励效应越强,其对GTFP的短期促进作用越弱、长期促进作用越强。进而考察我国环境政策历史沿革,发现费用型规制强度持续、快速提高所引发的创新模式过度内源化是导致我国GTFP增速放缓的重要原因。上述结果揭示,发展单一的内源型创新模式难以实现GTFP平稳增长,即激进的创新驱动无法满足绿色发展的战略诉求。政策启示是设计环境政策空间布局,引导不同地区落实差异化环境政策方案,从而实现创新驱动与绿色发展的战略统筹,使GTFP回归平稳增长轨道。From the perspective of innovation mode selection effect of environmental policy,this paper analyzes the causes of the slowdown of green total factor productivity(GTFP)growth in China and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions.Firstly,considering three types of environmental policies:investment-based regulation,cost-based regulation and R&D subsidy,and two types of innovation models:exogenous and endogenous,this paper theoretically explains and empirically tests the causal transmission relationship of“environmental policy instruments-innovation mode selection-GTFP”.The results show that different environmental policy instruments exert dynamic heterogeneity on GTFP through innovation mode selection,and the stronger the endogenous innovation incentive effect of environmental policy instruments,the weaker the short-term promotion effect on GTFP and the stronger the long-term promotion effect on GTFP.Based on the analysis of environmental policy making and historical evolution in China,we find that the excessive endogenesis of innovation mode caused by the continuous and rapid improvement of cost-based regulation intensity is an important reason for the slowdown of GTFP growth in China.These results reveal that the development of a single endogenous innovation model is difficult to achieve stable growth of GTFP,in other words,the radical innovation-driven-development cannot meet the strategic demands of green development.The policy implications are that the spatial distribution of environmental policies should be rationally designed to guide different regions to implement differentiated environmental policy plans,so as to realize the integration of innovation-driven development and green development at the national level and return GTFP to a stable growth track.

关 键 词：绿色全要素生产率 环境政策 创新模式 创新驱动 绿色发展 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]