北京冬奥会延庆赛区施工作业对野生动物的影响分析  

Effects of infrastructure and stadium construction on wildlife in Yanqing competition area of Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games

作　　者：夏凡 鲍伟东[1] 盖立新 巨龙飞 黄文华 蒋健 哈希博 XIA Fan;BAO Weidong;GAI Lixin;JU Longfei;HUANG Wenhua;JIANG Jian;HA Xibo(College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve Administration,Beijing 102115,China;Zhenzhuquan Township Ecological Environment Management Center of Yanqing District of Beijing Municipality,Beijing 102107,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]北京松山国家级自然保护区管理处,北京102115 [3]北京市延庆区珍珠泉乡生态环境管理中心,北京102107

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第1期219-225,共7页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(Z181100005318004)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究冬奥会室外赛事场地建设对野生动物的影响,以利于制定有针对性的保护政策和措施,为落实绿色奥运理念和提升野生动物保护成效提供科学参考。【方法】于2019年4月至2020年3月,在2022年北京冬奥会延庆赛区内布设红外相机进行野生动物丰富度和活动节律监测,通过与2013年的监测数据对比,分析场地施工作业对野生动物种群和活动节律的影响。【结果】利用红外相机工作4 193相机日,获取有效照片5 961份,发现9目23科38种野生动物,其中,兽类13种、鸟类25种。与之前的调查数据相比,赛区内兽类物种减少3种,貉(Nyctereutes procyonoides)、赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)、蒙古兔(Lepus tolai)未在本次监测中发现;鸟类减少22种。经威尔科克森符号秩(Z)检验,豹猫(Prionailurus bengalensis)(Z=-2.981,P<0.01)、亚洲狗獾(Meles leucurus)(Z=-2.578,P<0.05)、猪獾(Arctonyx collaris)(Z=2.197,P<0.05)和野猪(Sus scrofa)(Z=-2.310,P<0.05)的相对多度指数均有显著差异。在施工影响下,豹猫和亚洲狗獾的月活动高峰提前,猪獾和岩松鼠的活动高峰下降。施工前后5种兽类的日活动节律具有显著差异(P<0.05),豹猫、亚洲狗獾、猪獾的日间活动减少、夜间活动增多,野猪则相反,岩松鼠表现出更少和更平衡的日间活动。【结论】施工作业对2022年北京冬奥会延庆赛区野生动物产生了一定影响,动物种类减少、活动节律和行为模式发生改变。同时,现有保护措施在一定程度上减少了施工作业对野生动物的干扰。【Objective】Exploring the impact of large-scale venue construction on wildlife will help formulate targeted protection policies and measures for implementing the Green Olympics and improving the efficiency of biodiversity conservation.【Method】Wildlife richness and activity rhythms were monitored using the camera trapping method from April 2019 to March 2020 and compared with previous data from 2013 to analyze the effects of infrastructure construction on wildlife in the Yanqing competition area during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.【Result】A total of 4 193 camera trapping days were collected with 5 961 effective photos that captured 13 species of mammals and 25 species of birds belonging to nine orders and 23 families. The number of mammals decreased by three species compared to the recordings in 2013;raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides), red fox(Vulpes vulpes), and Tolai hare(Lepus tolai) were not detected, and the number of bird species decreased by 22. The relative abundance index of leopard cat(Prionailurus bengalensis)(Z=-2.981, P<0.01), Asian badger(Meles leucurus)(Z=-2.578, P<0.05), hog badger(Arctonyx collaris)(Z=2.197, P<0.05), and wild boar(Sus scrofa)(Z=-2.310, P<0.05)were significantly different for the two surveys. An analysis of monthly activity rhythms showed that the activity of leopards and Asian badgers peaked earlier due to construction, while the activity peaks of hog badgers and rock squirrels(Sciurotamias davidianus)decreased, resulting in activity patterns that remained mostly uniform throughout the year. Furthermore, the activity peak of the wild boar was prolonged. There were significant differences(P<0.05)in the daily activity rhythm of the five mammals before and after construction. Leopards, Asian badgers, and hog badgers showed less daytime activity and more night activity, while wild boar showed the opposite trend, and the rock squirrel showed less and more balanced daytime activity.【Conclusion】Construction work had a certain impact on wild animals, with a decr

关 键 词：野生动物监测 北京2022年冬奥会 施工干扰 相对多度 活动节律 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] S718[农业科学—林学]