基于不同提取方法的汉麻茎叶精油全组分鉴定及比较研究  

Identification and comparative study of essential oil from stem and leaf of hemp based on different extraction methods

作　　者：李智宁 李飞飞[1,2,3] 宋梦娇 马艳妮 张丽先[1,2,3] 张桃桃 魏悦 LI Zhi-ning;LI Fei-fei;SONG Meng-jiao;MA Yan-ni;ZHANG Li-xian;ZHANG Tao-tao;WEI Yue(Natural Product Innovation Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences;Henan Napu Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.;Engineering Technology Research Center of Development of Henan Kegao Plant Natural Products,Zhengzhou 450000,China;School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省科学院天然产物创新研究中心 [2]河南省纳普生物技术有限公司 [3]河南省植物天然产物开发工程技术研究中心,郑州450000 [4]河南中医药大学药学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《天然产物研究与开发》2023年第2期260-270,共11页Natural Product Research and Development

基　　金：河南省科学院科研开发项目(210913009,200613051);河南省科学院重大科研聚焦项目(190113004)。

摘　　要：以汉麻茎叶为原料,分别采用水蒸馏提取法、亚临界萃取法以及超临界萃取法来获得汉麻精油,比较不同提取方法下获得的精油全组分的差异性、特征性。采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对精油全组分进行鉴定分析,并通过NIST质谱库和人工解析对所提取成分进行鉴别分析和相似度的检索,最后根据峰面积归一化法得出这三种提取方式下汉麻精油各组分的相对含量。三种提取方法下所得精油组分差异性明显,共计鉴定出154个成分,且含有13个共有成分,相似度均在80%以上。其中水蒸馏提取法共鉴定出89种,含量最高组分是大麻二酚(19.69%);亚临界萃取法鉴定出62种,含量最高组分是邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(17.56%);超临界萃取法鉴定出59种,含量最高组分是油酸(22.50%)。三种方法所得精油组分种类和含量均有不同程度的差异:水蒸馏法获得的精油组分种类最多,多为烷烃、烯烃、醇类、醛类、倍半萜类等小分子化合物,而亚临界法和超临界法在一定程度上具有相似性,二者共有40个共有成分,多为酸类,醇类,酯类,酚类等高沸点化合物或大分子化合物,但含量差异明显。Taking the stem and leaves of hemp as raw materials,the essential oil of hemp was obtained by water distillation extraction,subcritical extraction and supercritical extraction respectively.The differences and characteristics of the essential oil components obtained by different extraction methods were compared.The volatile components were identified and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the extracted components were identified and analyzed by NIST mass spectrometry library and manual analysis.Finally,the relative percentage contents of each component of hemp essential oil under the three different extraction methods were obtained according to the peak area normalization method.The components of essential oil obtained by the three extraction methods were significantly different.A total of 154 components were identified and 13 common components were included,with a similarity of more than 80%.Among them,89 different components were identified by water distillation extraction method,and the highest component was cannabinoid(19.69%).Sixty-two components were identified by subcritical extraction.The most abundant component was celluflexdop(17.56%).Fifty-nine species were identified by supercritical extraction.Oleic acid had the highest content(22.50%).The components and contents of essential oil extracted by the three methods were different in different degrees.The essential oil obtained by water distillation had the most kinds of components,mostly small molecular compounds such as alkanes,olefins,alcohols,aldehydes and sesquiterpenes,while subcritical method and supercritical method were similar to each other to a certain extent.They had 40 common components,mostly high boiling point compounds or macromolecular compounds such as acids,alcohols,esters and phenols,but the content difference was obvious.

关 键 词：汉麻茎叶 精油 水蒸馏 亚临界 超临界 GC-MS 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学] R932[医药卫生—中医学]