明朝初期的对日认知与“日本国王良怀”名号——洪武年间中日外交问题新探  

The Japan Cognition of Early Ming China and the Title of“King Lianghuai of Japan”:Further Study of the Sino-Japan Relations during the Ming Emperor Hongwu’s Reign

作　　者：马云超[1] Ma Yunchao

机构地区：[1]南京大学明史研究中心

出　　处：《海交史研究》2022年第4期21-32,共12页Journal of Maritime History Studies

摘　　要：洪武年间,明朝君臣对于日本政局的理解存在很大的误区,自始至终没有认识到日本国内存在南北朝对立的局面。洪武七年后,明太祖以“持明天皇”作为日本正君,但由于岛津氏久仍以“日本国王良怀”名义入贡,给后来的史书编纂者带来了混乱。由于对日本国情缺乏了解,又急于弥合史料之间的分歧,《明太祖实录》编纂者始终将良怀视为日本国王,对于身份不明的入贡者全部加以良怀的名号,同时对存在矛盾的记录进行了删改。受此影响,持明天皇的存在不断削弱,相关记录在后世史书中逐渐被良怀所替代,给今人理解洪武时期的中日关系制造了困难。During Emperor Hongwu’s reign,the Ming Court had a great misunderstanding over the political situation of Japan.They didn’t realize the existence of the rival regimes of Nanboku-chō.Since the seventh year of Hongwu,although the Ming Emperor took Emperor Jimyōas the legitimate ruler of Japan,Shimazu Ujihisa continued to pay tributes to the Ming Court in the name of King Lianghuai of Japan,which bewildered the later historiographers.Due to the lack of knowledge about Japan,compilers of Mingtaizu Shilu took Lianghuai as the King of Japan so as to bridge the divergence of historical materials,and added the name to all the unidentified tributes while deleting or modifying contradictory records.As a result,the presence of Emperor Jimyōwas weakened,and the records were replaced by King Lianghuai in later history books,which makes it difficult for us to understand the Sino-Japan relations during the Hongwu period.

关 键 词：明太祖 日本国王良怀 足利义满 《明实录》 

分 类 号：D829.313[政治法律—政治学] K248.1[政治法律—外交学] K313.3[历史地理—历史学]