精密排种器组合式导种管设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the combined seed guiding tube for precision metering device

作　　者：陈玉龙 韩杰[1,2,3] 兰玉彬 张猛 金亚琛 张正 王文君 Chen Yulong;Han Jie;Lan Yubin;Zhang Meng;Jin Yachen;Zhang Zheng;Wang Wenjun(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Research Institute of Ecological Unmanned Farm,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,China;Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Dry-farming Intelligent Agricultural Equipment,Zibo 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255000 [2]山东理工大学生态无人农场研究院,淄博255000 [3]山东省旱作智能农机装备协同创新中心,淄博255000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第24期14-24,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51905318、52005307);山东省引进顶尖人才“一事一议”专项(鲁政办字[2018]27号)。

摘　　要：针对不同排种速度下,种子投送轨迹的水平偏移量差异导致种子与导种管壁碰撞接触点不同,造成粒距一致性降低的问题,该研究在传统一体式固定导种管的基础上设计一种由结合段和投送段两段管体构成的组合式导种管,两段管体由转动副连接,在驱动机构作用下,可进行整体平移和绕转动副的旋转运动。对组合式导种管工作原理和投种过程进行理论分析,构建投种过程的种子动力学模型。运用离散元软件EDEM建立种子—管体仿真模型,以作业速度和投送段末端倾角为因素进行仿真试验,得到不同速度下两管体的最佳姿态,构建作业速度与组合式导种管运动关系数学模型。搭建导种性能试验平台,设计组合式导种管运动控制系统,进行导种性能验证试验,结果表明,组合式导种管在2~12 km/h作业速度下的姿态对种子具有较好的引导效果,与导种管初次接触后发生二次弹跳的种子占比小于2.39%;组合式导种管在不同作业速度下的排种粒距合格率均高于传统导种管,能够准确还原排种器的本征排种性能,在作业速度为2~6 km/h时排种粒距合格率在96.35%左右,在12 km/h时降至84.17%;组合式导种管各速度下的排种粒距变异系数较传统导种管平均降低24.65个百分点;在作业速度为2~12 km/h的变速过程中,组合式导种管的排种粒距合格率较传统导种管平均提高15.10个百分点。组合式导种管均能够适配多种工作速度,保证粒距均匀性,为播种机的高速导种提供新思路和技术参考。High-speed seed guiding is of great significance to developing the precision metering seeder.Among them,the different horizontal offsets can be observed at the collision contact points between the seeds and the wall of the seed tube in the seeding trajectory at different seeding speeds.The resulting seed spacing cannot fully meet the agronomic requirements at present.In this study,a combined seed guiding tube was designed for the precision metering device,according to the traditional integrated fixed one.Two bodies were composed of the joint and delivery sections.A revolute pair was selected to connect the two bodies.The overall translation and rotation around the rotating pair were carried out under the action of the driving mechanism.A systematic analysis was made to determine the working principle of the combined seed guiding tube and the motion process of the seed discharging.The seed discharging process was also divided into the incident stage,the stable migration,and the delivery stage.The influencing factors were clarified using the dynamic analysis of the seed movement in the seed guiding tube during discharging.The seed-tube simulation model was then established using discrete element method(DEM)EDEM software.The simulation experiment was carried out with the working speed and the inclination angle of the end of the delivery section as the test factors,while the variation coefficient of the horizontal projection distance of the seed front point as the test index.The optimal attitude was obtained for the two tubes at different speeds.The mathematical model was constructed for the relationship between the working speed and the movement of the combined seed guiding tube.The test platform was built to design the motion control system of the combined seed guiding tube.Taking the Zhonghuang 37 soybean as the research object,the field test of seed guiding trajectory was carried out to verify the performance of seed guiding.The results showed that the better guiding performance of the seeds was achieved in the o

关 键 词：离散元 高速摄像 组合式导种管 导种性能 投种轨迹 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]