蚯蚓对赤红壤草被恢复影响的试验研究  

Effects of Earthworms on Grass Regeneration in Lateritic Red Soil

作　　者：毛娜 刘通 江恒 李祥东 程炯 魏孝荣[1] 邵明安[1] MAO Na;LIU Tong;JIANG Heng;LI Xiangdong;CHENG Jiong;WEI Xiaorong;SHAO Ming′an(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management,Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所,华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广州510650 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第1期70-76,82,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42007012;42177305);广东省科学院实施创新驱动发展能力建设专项(2020GDASYL-20200103085)。

摘　　要：生态修复是南方红壤丘陵区土地退化治理的有效手段之一,但现有研究较少关注土壤动物在生态修复过程中的作用。以退化的赤红壤为研究对象,基于盆栽试验,采用全因子设计方法模拟多种生态系统(裸土vs.黑麦草)×蚯蚓(不接种vs.接种蚯蚓)×水分(湿润vs.干旱),以揭示蚯蚓对干旱条件下退化土壤植被修复前后土壤理化性质和植被生产力的调控作用。结果表明:蚯蚓显著提高了湿润和干旱条件下黑麦草生物量。蚯蚓对土壤有机碳影响不显著,蚯蚓活动提高了裸土生态系统土壤总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量,以及黑麦草生态系统土壤速效磷含量。干旱胁迫降低黑麦草生物量,对土壤有机碳影响不显著,但显著改善蚯蚓存在土壤的pH值。黑麦草生物量与土壤总磷、硝态氮、铵态氮和速效磷显著正相关。偏最小二乘路径分析表明蚯蚓活动显著提高土壤全量和速效养分含量,湿润条件下速效养分对植被生物量具有显著正效应,干旱条件下其作用不显著。综上,蚯蚓活动改善土壤肥力状况,促进植被生长,蚯蚓活动可缓解干旱对植被生长的不利影响。研究结果对深入认识蚯蚓对生态系统作用具有重要意义,为退化土地生态修复管理提供科学依据。Ecological restoration is one of the effective measures to control land degradation in the red soil hilly region of south China.However,few studies have focused on the role of soil fauna in ecological restoration.In this study,a full-factor pot experiment,two ecosystems(bare soil vs.ryegrass)×earthworm(no inoculation vs.earthworm inoculation)×moisture(wet vs.drought),was used to reveal the regulatory effects of earthworms on soil physicochemical properties and vegetation productivity before and after the restoration of degraded soil under the drought stress.The results showed as follows.Earthworms significantly increased the biomass of ryegrass under different soil moisture conditions.Earthworm did not influence soil organic carbon,but increased soil total nitrogen,nitrate-nitrogen,ammonium-nitrogen in the bare soil ecosystem and the soil available phosphorus in the ryegrass ecosystem(p<0.05).Drought decreased the biomass of ryegrass and had no significant effect on soil pH,but significantly increased the soil pH of earthworm presence soil.The biomass of ryegrass was significantly positively correlated with soil total phosphorus,nitrate-nitrogen,ammonium-nitrogen and available phosphorus(p<0.05).Partial least square path analysis showed that earthworm significantly increased soil total and available nutrient contents,and soil available nutrients had a significant positive effect on vegetation biomass under wet conditions,but had no significant effects on vegetation biomass under drought conditions.In conclusion,earthworm activity improved soil fertility and thus promoted vegetation growth.Drought hindered the nutrient absorption and utilization by plants and limited vegetation productivity,but earthworm activity could alleviate the adverse effects caused by drought.These results have implications for understanding the roles of earthworms in the degraded ecosystem and provide a better insight to improve the ecological profit of restoration in eroded red soil.

关 键 词：赤红壤 蚯蚓 干旱胁迫 黑麦草 养分循环 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]