九寨沟流域森林覆被变化对径流的影响  

Impact of Forest Cover Change on Runoff in Jiuzhaigou Basin

作　　者：李诗琦[1,3] 杨青霞 刘俊雁 王潘潘 严贤春 廖雨辰[1] 陈琪 谢雨 吴彦[1] LI Shiqi;Yang Qingxia;LIU Junyan;Wang Panpan;YAN Xianchun;LIAO Yuchen;CHEN Qi;XIE Yu;WU Yan(Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve Administrative Bureau,Abazhou,Sichuan 623402,China;College of Life Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610041 [2]九寨沟国家级自然保护区管理局,四川阿坝州623402 [3]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637002

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第1期106-112,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：九寨沟灾后重建科研项目(5132202020000046);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFE0203200)。

摘　　要：覆被变化引起的径流响应研究不仅是流域水文学的热点之一,在九寨沟更是与流域的水景观核心遗产价值保护紧密相关,因此九寨沟流域水资源的研究是迫切需要关注的问题。以SWAT模型模拟为基本研究手段,对九寨沟流域2009—2017年森林覆被变化下的流域水文做定量研究,探究了九寨沟流域对森林覆被变化的响应机理。结果表明:(1)模型率定期的决定参数R2和纳什效率系数Ens均为0.83,验证期的R2和Ens均为0.7,说明SWAT模型对九寨沟流域径流量模拟具有较高的适用性。(2) 2016年九寨沟流域内森林覆被面积较2004年有增加的趋势,其中针叶林面积增加明显(增加了10.56 km^(2)),而阔叶林面积有所减少(减少了2.57 km^(2))。(3)相比2004年,2016年的森林覆被下的9年内年均径流量增加0.13 m3/s。年际变化中显示阔叶林的调蓄能力强于针叶林,而在年内变化中针叶林有更好的调洪补枯能力。(4)在气象条件相同的前提下,2016年月径流相比2004年月径流在枯水期增加25.93%、丰水期减少9.86%。综上,研究结果不仅阐明了保护区森林覆被变化带来的生态效益,同时也可为九寨沟地区的水景观核心价值的保护及生态管理措施提供科学依据。Studies on runoff responses to cover change are hotspots in watershed hydrology and closely related to the conservation of core heritage value of water landscape in Jiuzhaigou, so the study of water resources in Jiuzhaigou watershed is an urgent problem. We used SWAT model simulations as the basic research tool to quantitatively study the watershed hydrology due to forest cover changes in Jiuzhaigou watershed during 2009—2017, and investigated the response mechanism of Jiuzhaigou watershed to forest cover changes. The results show that:(1) the decision parameters R~2 and Ensand the Nash efficiency coefficient were 0.83 for the calibration and were 0.7 for the validation, indicating that the SWAT model had high applicability to the runoff simulation in the Jiuzhaigou basin.(2) the forest cover within the Jiuzhaigou watershed exhibited an increasing trend from 2004 to 2016, with coniferous forest area increasing 10.56 km^(2) and broadleaf forest area decreasing 2.57 km^(2);(3) the average annual runoff under forest cover in 2016 increased 0.13 m~3/s within 9 years compared to 2004;compared to broadleaf forests, the coniferous forests presented a worse interannual variability in water storage and better intra-annual flood regulation and replenishment variabilities;(4) under the same meteorological conditions, monthly runoff increased by 25.93% in the high-water period and decreased by 9.86% in the dry period in 2016 compared to that in 2004. Overall, these results elucidate the ecological benefits derived from forest cover changes in the reserve, and can provide a scientific basis for conserving core values of water landscape and ecological management in Jiuzhaigou.

关 键 词：九寨沟流域 森林覆被变化 SWAT模型 径流模拟 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学]