肥水蚓坑措施下不同施肥对土壤养分和山地苹果生产的影响  

The Effect of Different Fertilization on Soil Nutrient and Mountain Apple Production Under the Fertilizer Water Earthworm Pit Measures

作　　者：邵发琦 李改民 柯斧 张文慧 李夏 白岗栓[4] 孙本华[2,5] 高明霞[6] 冯浩[4,5,6] SHAO Faqi;LI Gaimin;KE Fu;ZHANG Wenhui;LI Xia;BAI Gangshuan;SUN Benhua;GAO Mingxia;FENG Hao(Ankang Municipality Agricultural Science Research Institute,Ankang,Shaanxi 725021,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;The First Geological Exploration Institute,Henan Bureau of Geo-Exploration and mineral Exploitation,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Region of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]安康市农业科学研究院,陕西安康725021 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北旱地农业绿色低碳重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第一地质勘查院,郑州450001 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [5]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [6]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第1期197-203,208,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2013AA102904);高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(B12007);延安山仑院士工作站科研项目“黄土高原经济林(果)节水增效技术与绿色发展”(20181201)。

摘　　要：陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区是山地苹果重要产区,为提升山地果园土壤养分和果实品质及产量,以“肥水蚓坑”措施为基础,通过田间试验探讨不施肥、单施化肥、有机无机肥配施(牛粪+化肥、菇渣+化肥、牛粪+菇渣+化肥)等不同施肥对山地果园土壤养分、叶片营养、苹果产量与品质的影响。结果表明:(1)不施肥处理的土壤有机质含量和速效养分含量均低于施肥处理,其中,单施化肥处理低于有机无机肥配施处理,牛粪+菇渣+化肥处理的效果优于其他施肥处理。(2)施肥处理的苹果叶片不同生育期的全氮、磷、钾含量均显著高于不施肥对照,有机无机肥配施处理优于单施化肥处理。(3)不施肥处理与施肥处理的苹果果实硬度和果形指数无显著差异,施肥处理均可显著提高苹果产量和果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及维生素C含量,牛粪+菇渣+化肥优于其他处理,单施化肥的果实可滴定酸含量显著高于不施肥和有机无机肥配施。单施化肥的果实糖酸比与不施肥无显著差异,却显著低于有机无机肥配施。综上,“肥水蚓坑”结合有机无机肥配施可以减少化肥的施用,提高土壤养分含量,确保苹果提质增产,牛粪+菇渣+化肥(牛粪∶菇渣=1∶1)是山地苹果提质增产的优质管理模式,值得在陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区山地果园推广应用。The hilly and gully area of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi is an important production area for mountain apples. In order to improve the soil nutrients, fruit quality and yield of mountain orchards, based on the ‘fertilizer water earthworm pit’ measures, through field experiments, effects of different fertilization such as no fertilization, single application of chemical fertilizers, combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers(cow manure+chemical fertilizer, mushroom residue+chemical fertilizer, cow manure+mushroom residue+chemical fertilizer), on soil nutrients, leaf nutrition, apple yield and quality in mountain orchards had been monitored. The results show that:(1) the soil organic matter content and available nutrients in the treatment without fertilization were lower than those in the fertilization treatment;Among the treatments, the soil organic matter content and available nutrients under single application of chemical fertilizer were lower than those of the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers, and the treatment of cow manure+mushroom residue+chemical fertilizer had better effects on improving soil nutrients than other fertilization treatments;(2) the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of apple leaves in different growth stages of fertilization treatment were significantly higher than those of no fertilization control, and the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were better than that of single application of chemical fertilizers;(3) there were no significant difference in apple fruit hardness and fruit shape index between no fertilization treatment and fertilization treatment;fertilization treatments had significantly increased apple yield, soluble solids, soluble sugar and vitamin C content, and cow manure+mushroom residue+chemical fertilizer was better than other treatments;The titratable acid content of single application of chemical fertilizer was significantly higher than that of no application and combined application

关 键 词：山地苹果 肥水蚓坑 有机无机肥配施 土壤养分 产量品质 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]