深松对三江平原春玉米田土壤水分和产量的影响  

Effects of Subsoiling on Soil Moisture and Yield of Spring Maize Fields in the Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：郑培峰 张晓龙 司雨 吕艳杰[2] 王立春[2] 王永军 ZHENG Peifeng;Zhang Xiaolong;SI Yu;LYU Yanjie;WANG Lichun;WANG Yongjun(Faculty of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Chian;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院资源与环境研究所/玉米国家工程实验室,长春130033

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第1期297-303,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程(CXGC2017JQ006);国家自然科学基金(U19A2035,31701349);国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-16)。

摘　　要：为探明不同方式深松对三江平原春玉米田土壤水分及产量的影响,在黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院试验基地开展田间深松试验。试验设置2个深松深度(30 cm, 40 cm),3个深松时期(上年秋季,QS;当年春季,CS;和当年夏季,XS),以常规旋耕处理为对照(CT15)共7个深松处理,比对分析了不同深松方式对土壤水分、玉米农艺性状及玉米产量的影响。结果表明:40 cm深松效果优于30 cm, 0—10 cm土层中XS40和QS40土壤含水量在播种(VE)和吐丝期(R1)显著高于CT15,分别高29.17%和9.25%,21.02%和12.94%;20—35 cm土层中,QS40在拔节期(V6)和R1分别较CT15高11.76%和7.82%。深松对株高、穗位高和绿叶期具有积极作用,但不同深松处理间差异较小。与CT15相比,QS30植株高度降低5.53%;CS40和XQS40与CT相比,其穗位高分别降低6.67%和10.98%;成熟期各处理绿叶数出现差异,以QS30,QS40和XS30作用效果显著,较CT分别高34.85%,48.02%和15.12%。深松可降低秃尖长度,增加穗粒数以提高玉米产量;以QS40处理表现最佳,与CT相比,其秃尖长度下降56.60%、穗粒数和籽粒产量分别较CT15显著增加14.67%和10.26%。综上,30 cm和40 cm深松土壤均可提高土壤水分含量,延长绿叶期,增加产量,40 cm深松效果较为明显;深松在秋季表现最佳,春季和夏季次之。秋季40 cm深松可提高0—50 cm土壤含水量,增加穗粒重,提高产量;是众多深松组合中最优方案,对合理确定三江平原春玉米田深松方案具有一定技术参考。To investigate the effects of different methods of subsoiling on soil moisture and yield of spring maize fields in the Sanjiang Plain, a field subsoiling experiment was conducted at the experimental base of Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The experiment was conducted at two depths(30 cm and 40 cm) and three periods(QS in the previous autumn, CS in the spring and XS in the summer), with conventional rototill treatment as the control(CT15). The results showed that the effect of 40 cm subsoiling was better than that of 30 cm, and the soil moisture contents of XS40 and QS40 in 0—10 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those of CT15 at the seeding stage(VE) and spatulation stage(R1), 29.17% and 9.25%, 21.02% and 12.94%, respectively;in 20—35 cm soil layer, QS40 was higher than that of CT15 at the spatulation stage(V6) and R1, 11.76% and 11.76%, respectively;the soil moisture contents of QS40 in jointing stage(V6) and silking stage(R1) was 11.76% and 7.82% higher than those of CT15 in 20—35 cm soil layer;deep mowing had positive effects on plant height, spike height and green leaf stage, but the differences between different deep mowing treatments were small;compared with CT15, QS30 reduced plant height by 5.53%, CS40 and XQS40 reduced spike height by 6.67% and 10.98%, respectively;compared with CT, the number of green leaves at maturity differed among treatments, with QS30, QS40 and XS30 having significant effects, 34.85%, 48.02% and 15.12% higher than CT, respectively;the QS40 treatment showed the best performance, with 56.60% decrease in bald tip length, 14.67% increase in number of ears and 10.26% increase in seed yield compared with CT15. In conclusion, both 30 cm and 40 cm deep soil loosening can improve soil moisture content, prolong the green leaf period and increase yield, and 40 cm subsoiling has more obvious effects;subsoiling performs best in autumn, followed by spring and summer. The 40 cm subsoiling in autumn can improve the soil moisture content of 0—50 cm,

关 键 词：深松 三江平原 春玉米 土壤水分 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]