典型喀斯特聚集区不同地貌类型干旱时空特征  

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Drought in Different Geomorphic Types in Typical Karst Cluster Areas

作　　者：吴小飘 周忠发[1,2] 朱孟 黄登红 彭睿文 WU Xiaopiao;ZHOU Zhongfa;ZHU Meng;HUANG Denghong;PENG Ruiwen(Department of Geography and Environment Sciences/Karst Research Institute,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550001,China;State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院/喀斯特研究院,贵阳550001 [2]贵州省喀斯特山地生态环境国家重点实验室培育基地,贵阳550001 [3]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳550001

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第1期336-347,共12页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：贵州省高层次创新型人才培养计划(黔科合平台人才(20165674));国家自然科学基金地区项目“喀斯特石漠化地区生态资产与区域贫困耦合机制研究”(41661088)。

摘　　要：为探究西南典型喀斯特聚集区不同地貌类型干旱时空特征,研究选取贵州省作为研究区,基于贵州19个气象站点1951—2020年的气象数据,利用SPI指数、M-K突变检验等方法研究贵州近70 a降水与气温在不同时间尺度变化规律,探讨不同地貌分区干旱的年、季时空尺度耦合特征。结果表明:(1)贵州近70 a的年均降水量整体呈缓慢下降趋势、气温呈现上升的趋势。(2)不同地貌分区干旱情况差异较显著,其中非喀斯特和峰丛洼地地貌背景下干旱呈现微弱上升趋势,其他分区干旱均呈下降趋势。(3)各分区在夏、秋季干旱指数均呈减少态势,冬季干旱指数呈增加态势。除岩溶高原和岩溶断陷盆地外,春季其他地貌分区旱情均呈加剧趋势。旱情加剧程度最大出现在岩溶槽谷春秋季和岩溶断陷盆地夏冬季,旱情加剧程度最小出现在非喀斯特地区的夏秋季和岩溶高原地区冬春季。(4)岩溶槽谷和非喀斯特的SPI12均值无明显突变点,岩溶峡谷的SPI12值在1987发生突变,岩溶高原和峰丛洼地分别在2002年和2019年前后发生显著性跳跃,岩溶断陷盆地在置信范围内发生三次突变。综上,研究结果可以为同类型干旱防灾减灾提供一定的参考依据。In order to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought in different geomorphic types in the typical karst cluster areas in southwest China,Guizhou Province was selected as the study area.Based on the meteorological data of 19 meteorological stations in Guizhou Province from 1951 to 2020,we studied the changes of precipitation and temperature at different time scales in recent 70 years and discussed the coupling characteristics of annual and seasonal spatiotemporal scales of drought in different geomorphic regions through the methods of SPI index,M-K mutation test and so on.The results showed that:(1)the average annual precipitation in Guizhou in recent 70 years showed a slow downward trend,the temperature showed an upward trend;(2)drought conditions differed significantly in different geomorphic subregions;among them,drought under the background of non-karst and peak cluster depression landforms showed a slight upward trend,while drought in other subregions showed a downward trend;(3)the drought indexes of all subregions showed a decreasing trend in summer and autumn,while an increasing trend was found in winter;except for the karst plateaus and karst faulted basins,droughts in other geomorphological regions in spring was intensifying;the biggest drought intensification degree occurred in spring and autumn of karst valley and summer and winter of karst tectonic basin;the least drought intensification degree occurred in summer and autumn of non-karst areas and winter and spring of karst plateau areas;(4)the mean values of SPI12 in karst valley areas and non-karst areas had no obvious mutation points;the SPI12 values of karst valley changed abruptly in 1987;the SPI12 values of karst plateaus and peak cluster depressions jumped significantly around 2002 and 2019,respectively;The SPI12 values of karst faulted basins suddenly changed three times within the confidence range.In conclusion,these research results can provide a certain reference for disaster prevention and mitigation of the same type of dr

关 键 词：气象干旱 SPI指数 突变检验 地貌分区 贵州省 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]