黄土丘陵沟壑区典型草被产流产沙特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Runoff and Sediment Yield of Typical Grassland in Loess Hilly and Gully Region

作　　者：普隽泽 吕锡芝 张秋芬 王富强[1] PU Junze;Lü Xizhi;ZHANG Qiufen;WANG Fuqiang(North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of Yellow River Basin,Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学,郑州450046 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院河南省黄河流域生态环境保护与修复重点实验室,郑州450003

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第2期1-6,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0605004);国家自然科学基金(51979118);中国博士后基金特别资助项目(2020T130235)。

摘　　要：退耕还林还草是黄土高原水土流失重要治理措施之一。为探讨自然降雨条件下,不同种类草被种植对坡面产流产沙特征的影响,采用定位观测方法,基于罗玉沟水土保持监测站6种不同草被(小冠花、红豆草、沙打旺、紫花苜蓿、红三叶、鹰咀紫云英)覆盖坡面的野外观测数据,分析了不同降雨条件下各草被覆盖径流小区的产流产沙规律。结果表明:(1)各场次降雨中,小冠花覆盖下的坡面产流量及产沙量均较大,沙打旺和鹰咀紫云英覆盖坡面均较小;(2)除沙打旺和鹰咀紫云英以外的草被覆盖小区产流产沙量均与降雨量和最大降雨强度呈显著或极显著关系;(3)侵蚀性降水依据降雨量、降雨历时和最大降雨强度分为3种类型:Ⅰ雨型(降雨量大、降雨历时长、最大雨强大)、Ⅱ雨型(降雨量、降雨历时、最大雨强均居中)、Ⅲ雨型(降雨量较小、降雨历时短、最大雨强小)。6种草被在不同雨型下产流产沙特性不同,沙打旺和鹰咀紫云英覆盖坡面在不同雨型下产流量及产沙量均较少,小冠花覆盖坡面在不同雨型下产流量及产沙量均较大。综上,不同草被覆盖下的坡面产流产沙规律不尽相同,对不同降雨特征的响应程度也存在差异,小冠花覆盖小区的抗侵蚀能力较差;沙打旺和鹰咀紫云英覆盖小区的抗侵蚀能力较好。Returning farmland to forest and grassland is one of the important measures to control soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. In order to investigate the effects of planting different kinds of grass on the characteristics of sediment yield and discharge on the slope under natural rainfall conditions, the field observation data of six different grass covers(Coronilla varia L., Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop L., Astragalus adsurgens Pall L., Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pratense L. and Astragalus cicer L.) in Luoyugou soil and water conservation monitoring station were used. In order to provide theoretical support for soil and water loss control in hilly-gully region of loess plateau, the pattern of sediment yield and runoff in each grass-covered runoff district under different rainfall conditions was analyzed. The results showed as follows.(1) In different rainfall periods, the runoff and sediment yields on the slope covered by Coronilla varia L. were larger, while those on the slope covered by Astragalus adsurgens Pall L. and Astragalus cicer L. were smaller.(2) Sediment yield was significantly correlated with rainfall and maximum rainfall intensity in different grassy areas except Astragalus adsurgens Pall L. and Astragalus cicer L.(3) According to rainfall, rainfall duration and maximum rainfall intensity, the erosive rainfall can be divided into three types: rain type Ⅰ(large rainfall, long rainfall duration and the most heavy rain), rain type Ⅱ(rainfall, rainfall duration and the most heavy rain intensity are all in the middle), rain type Ⅲ(small rainfall, short rainfall duration and the most heavy rain intensity). Under various rain patterns, the sediment and runoff yields of the six grasses differed. the runoff and sediment output on the slopes covered with Astragalus adsurgens Pall L. and Astragalus cicer L. reduced, while the runoff and sediment yields on the slopes covered with Coronilla varia L. were higher under different rain patterns. In conclusion, the patterns of sediment productions and losses on

关 键 词：产流产沙特征 降雨特征 草被 丘陵沟壑区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]