干旱半干旱区地表覆盖对土壤风蚀的影响  

Effect of Soil Cover on Soil Wind Erosion in Arid and Semi-arid Regions

作　　者：麻虹宇 李保国 蔡斌 李颖 葛乐 张丹 MA Hongyu;LI Baoguo;CAI Bin;LI Ying;GE Le;ZHANG Dan(Nature Conservancy,Beijing 100600,China;College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100089,China;Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality,Ministry of Natural Resources,College of Land Science and Technology,China Agriculture University,Beijing 100193,China;Sinochem Modern Agriculture Limited Company,Beijing 100032,China;Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]大自然保护协会,北京100600 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100089 [3]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院/农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室/自然资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室,北京100193 [4]中化现代农业有限公司,北京100032 [5]南京农业大学,南京210095

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第2期29-35,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：大自然保护协会TNC-先正达“中国干旱与半干旱区可持续农业示范项目”(P118870);大自然保护协会TNC-先正达农业可持续发展基金会(SFSA)“中国土壤健康和资源利用效率政策研究”(P120101)。

摘　　要：为了探究地表覆盖对干旱半干旱地区土壤侵蚀及表层特性的影响,探寻农业发展的新机遇,使用Meta分析的方法,通过搜集国内外干旱半干旱地区土壤覆盖已发表的研究数据,分析了3种地表覆盖方式:覆盖植物、秸秆覆盖和高留茬对土壤风蚀模数及表层干容重、含水量和有机碳含量的影响。结果表明:(1)地表覆盖使土壤年风蚀量降低77.96%,地表风蚀量与覆盖度密切相关,秸秆覆盖度最高,减轻风蚀效果最佳。(2)地表覆盖平均降低2.94%表层(0—20 cm)土壤干容重,从而提高孔隙度保水保肥,抑制土壤侵蚀;其中覆盖植物效果最好,能够降低5.26%。(3)地表覆盖能够增加6.26%年均表层土壤含水量,从而有效增大土壤颗粒间的黏聚力;在降水量≤450 mm的半干旱地区该值能达到10.62%。(4)地表覆盖能够提高23.54%表层土壤有机碳含量,增加土壤颗粒间的黏结性,从而提高土体的抗风蚀能力;高留茬的提升效果最好,为34.42%;覆盖植物中豆科作物的效果最好,平均提高30.76%。总之,3种地表覆盖措施均能不同程度地减轻风蚀,能够实现保土、保水和固碳的多重收益,是未来双碳背景下实现农业可持续发展的有效解决方案。In order to investigate the effects of soil cover on soil erosion and topsoil characteristics in arid and semi-arid regions, and to explore new opportunities for agricultural development, published data on soil cover in arid and semi-arid regions at home and abroad were collected and meta-analysis was used to analyze the effects of different mulching practices, like cover crops, straw mulching and stubble remaining, on wind erosion module, soil volume weight, soil water content and soil organic carbon. The results show that:(1) soil mulching can reduce annual wind erosion by about 77.96%;the wind erosion module is closely related to coverage and straw mulching has the highest coverage so it has the best effect on reducing wind erosion;(2) soil mulching can reduce surface(0—20 cm) soil volume weight by around 2.94% to ensure enough pore in soil to keep water and fertilizer, and inhibit soil erosion, among which cover crops work best by 5.26%;(3) soil mulching can increase topsoil water content by around 6.26%, thereby effectively increasing the cohesion between soil particles;in the area with low annual rainfall(≤450 mm). Soil mulching can effectively increase topsoil water content by 10.62%;(4) soil mulching can increase topsoil organic carbon content by 23.54%, thereby cementing soil particles together and improving the soil′s resistance to wind erosion;stubble remaining has the best effect, increases organic carbon content by 34.42%;and in cover crops, legume crops have the best effect, increase organic carbon content by 30.76% on average. Overall, the three mulching methods can reduce wind erosion to varying degrees, protect soil and water, and fix carbon, which will be the effective solution to achieve sustainable agricultural development under the background of double-carbon in the future.

关 键 词：风蚀 土壤覆盖 META 干旱半干旱地区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]