嘉陵江流域输沙时空变化及归因分析  

Spatiotemporal Variation and Attribution Analysis of Sediment Load in Jialing River Basin

作　　者：蒋蒙 田鹏 穆兴民[1,3] 赵广举[1,3] JIANG Meng;TIAN Peng;MU Xingmin;ZHAO Guangju(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Nature Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第2期116-121,128,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查项目“中国南北过渡带综合科学考察”(2017FY100904)。

摘　　要：河流输沙过程变化对河流系统的功能发挥具有重要意义,因此探究嘉陵江流域输沙时空变化及其驱动因素,对嘉陵江流域进一步治理具有重要指导作用。基于嘉陵江流域实测降雨输沙资料,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Pettitt突变检验分析输沙时空变化特征,采用双累积曲线法定量分析了典型区间内水文站点气候变化与人类活动对输沙变化贡献率。结果表明:嘉陵江流域各子流域年代输沙模数整体呈减少趋势,2007—2015年,仅武都—碧口区间输沙模数高达3323.48 t/(km^(2)·a)。典型区间内北碚、武胜、罗渡溪、小河坝4站1960—2015年输沙量呈极显著下降趋势,分别以3.40×10^(6),1.80×10^(6),4.0×10^(5),3.40×10^(5)t/a的速率下降,以水土保持与水利工程措施为主的人类活动减沙贡献率为75.93%~96.43%,其输沙序列分别于1990年、1990年、1988年、1984年发生极显著突变。嘉陵江流域各子流域年代输沙模数整体呈减少趋势,干流修建多座大型控制性水库对河道输沙的影响尤为明显,武都—碧口区间应视为未来水土流失重点治理区域。The variation of river sediment transport process is of great significance to the function of river system.Therefore,exploring the temporal and spatial changes of sediment transport and its driving factors in the Jialing River Basin plays an important guiding role in the further governance of the Jialing River Basin.Based on the measured rainfall and sediment transport data in the Jialing River Basin,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sediment transport were analyzed by Mann-Kendall trend test and Petitt mutation test,and the double mass curve was used to quantitatively analyze the contribution rate of climate change and human activities to sediment transport change at hydrological sites in typical intervals.The results showed that:the overall trend of sediment transport modulus in each sub-basin of Jialing River Basin decreased;from 2007 to 2015,the sediment transport modulus in the Wudu—Bikou interval alone was as high as 3323.48 t/(km^(2)·a);from 1960 to 2015,the sediment transport volume of Beibei,Wusheng,Luoduxi and Xiaoheba stations in the typical interval showed a very significant downward trend,decreasing at the rates of 3.40×10^(6),1.80×10^(6),4.0×10^(5),3.40×10^(5)t/a,respectively,and the contribution rate of human activities to sediment reduction based on soil and water conservation and hydraulic engineering measures was 75.93%~96.43%,and the sediment transport sequence underwent very significant mutations in 1990,1990,1988 and 1984 respectively.The overall trend of the chronological sediment transport modulus of each sub-basin of the Jialing River Basin was decreasing,and the impact of the construction of multiple large control reservoirs on the main stream on the river sediment transport was particularly obvious,and the Wudu-Bikou interval should be regarded as the key control area of soil erosion in the future.

关 键 词：输沙模数 时空变化 驱动因素 嘉陵江 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]