基于GIS与AHP集成的黄土高原洪水灾害风险评估  

Risk Assessment of Flood Disaster on the Loess Plateau Based on Integration of GIS and AHP

作　　者：刘仪航 韩剑桥[1,2] 谢梦霞 尚天赦 赵小丽 戈文艳 LIU Yihang;HAN Jianqiao;XIE Mengxia;SHANG Tianshe;ZHAO Xiaoli;GE Wenyan(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第2期129-134,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42177327);中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2019-2021QNRC001)。

摘　　要：为识别黄土高原洪水灾害高风险地区及其分布特征,基于地形、NDVI、降雨以及社会经济数据,集成GIS与层次分析法(AHP)等方法,在绘制洪水灾害危险图和易损图的基础上,综合评估了黄土高原不同地区的洪水灾害风险。结果表明:(1)黄土高原整体风险程度为中等。中风险性地区所占面积比例最高,约为29.2%;较高和高风险性地区所占比例为19.9%,5.7%,低和较低风险性地区所占比例为17.5%,27.7%。(2)洪水灾害危险性、易损性、风险性等级均呈现出由东南部向西北部递减的变化特征。洪水灾害风险程度为高和较高的地区主要集中在西安市、咸阳市、郑州市及榆林市等地区。(3)气候特点、NDVI及社会经济发展等是决定黄土高原洪水灾害风险程度的关键因素,在防灾减灾规划设计中需重点关注。综上,洪水灾害高风险区主要集中在黄土高原中部、南部等地区,与历史洪水灾害结果大致相符。In order to identify the high-risk areas of flood disaster and their distribution characteristics on the Loess Plateau, based on terrain, NDVI, rainfall and socio-economic data, integrated GIS and analytic hierarchy process(AHP), the risk of flood disaster in different areas of the Loess Plateau was comprehensively evaluated on the basis of drawing flood hazard maps and vulnerability maps. The results show that:(1) the overall risk degree of Loess Plateau was medium;middle-risk areas accounted for the highest proportion, about 29.2%;the proportions of high and higher risk areas were 19.9% and 5.7%, and those of low and low risk areas were 17.5% and 27.7%;(2) the flood hazard, vulnerability and risk all showed the decreasing trend from southeast to northwest;the areas with high flood risk were mainly located in Xi′an, Xianyang, Zhengzhou and Yulin;(3) climate characteristics, NDVI and social and economic development are the key factors that determine the risk degree of flood disaster on the Loess Plateau, which should be paid more attention to in the planning and design of disaster prevention and mitigation. In conclusion, the high risk areas of flood disasters mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions of the Loess Plateau, which was roughly consistent with the results of historical flood disasters.

关 键 词：洪水灾害 危险性 易损性 风险性 黄土高原 

分 类 号：P954[天文地球—自然地理学]