西藏尼洋河流域土地景观格局演变的生态风险分析  

Analysis on Ecological Risk of the Evolution of Land Landscape Pattern in the Nyang River Basin

作　　者：郝守宁 董飞[3] 刘晓波[3] 郭永刚 苏立彬[2] HAO Shouning;DONG Fei;LIU Xiaobo;GUO Yonggang;SU Libin(Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China;Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi,Tibet 860000,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学,拉萨850000 [2]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第2期378-383,430,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：西藏自治区自然科学基金(XZ202001ZR0021G);西藏大学研究生“高水平人才培养计划”(2019-GSP-B002);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407702)。

摘　　要：针对青藏高原流域生态景观格局的演变所引起的生态风险问题,选取青藏高原生态脆弱区的尼洋河流域为研究区域,以1980年、1995年、2010年、2020年4期土地利用数据为基础,根据景观生态学理论将尼洋河流域划分为814个生态风险评价单元,构建景观生态风险评价模型,对尼洋河流域景观生态风险的时空动态演变特征进行了评价和分析。结果表明:(1)尼洋河流域近40年来的6种土地利用类型面积皆发生了改变,其中水域和建设用地变化幅度最明显;(2) 1980—2020年流域内高生态风险区与中生态风险区面积增加,流域内总体景观生态风险呈增加的趋势,生态恶化的区域主要发生在尼洋河干流河谷区和高海拔区;尼洋河流域各期景观生态风险等级以尼洋河干流为轴线呈现对称式分布,跟随海拔高程的上升生态风险等级增加;(3)尼洋河流域景观生态风险空间分布呈逐年上升的正相关性,在空间上表现为集聚效应。综上,1980—2020年尼洋河流域生态风险总体呈上升的趋势,人类活动和气候变化是驱动生态恶化的重要因素。Aiming at the ecological sensitivity risk caused by the evolution of the ecological landscape pattern of the Tibet Plateau, taking the Nyang River Basin in the ecologically fragile area of the Tibet Plateau as the research object, based on the four periods of land use data in 1980, 1995, 2010 and 2020, quantitative analysis of the changes in land use structure and transformation characteristics of the Nyang River Basin in the past 40 years, the theory of landscape ecology, we divided Nyang River Basin into 814 ecological risk assessment units, constructed a landscape ecological risk assessment model, and quantitatively evaluated the spatial and temporal dynamic evolution characteristics of landscape ecological risks in the Nyang River Basin. The results show that:(1) the area of the six land use types in the Nyang River Basin has changed in the past 40 years, of which the water area and construction land has changed the most;(2) the area with high ecological risk and medium ecological risk in the basin from 1980 to 2020 increased, and the overall landscape ecological risk in the basin was increasing;the areas of ecological deterioration mainly occurred in the valley area of the Nyang River and high-altitude areas;the ecological risk levels of the Nyang River Basin in each period were based on the Nyang River as the axis presented a symmetrical distribution, and the ecological risk level increased with the increase in altitude;(3) the spatial distribution of landscape ecological risk in the Nyang River Basin was positively correlated year by year, which manifested as an agglomeration effect in space. From 1980 to 2020, the ecological risk of the Nyang River Basin rose. Human activities and climate change are important factors driving the ecological deterioration.

关 键 词：土地利用 生态风险 空间变化 尼洋河流域 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]