基于SWMM不同气候区城市绿色屋顶径流调控效益研究  

Study on Stormwater Control Performance of Green Roofs in Different Climatic Zones Based on SWMM Simulations

作　　者：张成玉 张守红[1,2] 章孙逊 闫婧 魏良怡 杨航 王任重远 ZHANG Chengyu;ZHANG Shouhong;ZHANG Sunxun;YAN Jing;WEI Liangyi;YANG Hang;WANG Renzhongyuan(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2023年第2期422-430,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“绿色屋顶雨水滞留能力变化过程研究”(51609004)。

摘　　要：对比研究不同气候区城市绿色屋顶径流调控效益,可为不同气候区城市绿色屋顶水文设计和评估提供科学参考。基于北京市试验绿色屋顶2019年降雨-径流过程监测数据率定并检验SWMM,采用该模型模拟分析不同气候区城市(北京、上海、广州)绿色屋顶径流调控效益变化特征。结果表明:(1)种植佛甲草(Sedum lineare)的轻质基绿色屋顶具有较强的径流调控功能,监测期平均径流和峰值流量削减率分别为73.22%,77.63%。(2)SWMM可较精确地模拟绿色屋顶径流量和峰值流量,率定期平均Nse和R^(2)分别为0.64,0.73,检验期平均Nse和R^(2)分别为0.66,0.64。(3)在不同设计暴雨重现期下,三个城市的绿色屋顶径流削减率不同,但均随重现期的增大呈指数衰减趋势。(4)三个城市绿色屋顶径流削减率和峰值流量削减率均随基质层厚度的增加而上升,但达到某一厚度后径流调控效益不再增加,其中北京和上海的临界基质厚度为500 mm,广州为800 mm。综上,气候条件和基质厚度是影响绿色屋顶径流调控效益的主要因素,故在不同气候区城市布设绿色屋顶需综合考虑各因素,以达到最大效益。The comparative study of the stormwater control performance of green roofs in different climatic zones can provide scientific support and references for the hydrological design and evaluation of green roofs in cities in different climatic zones.Based on the monitoring data of the rainfall-runoff process from experimental green roofs in Beijing during 2019,SWMM was calibrated,verified,and applied to simulate and analyze the variation of stormwater control performance of green roofs in some cities(i.e.,Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou)in different climatic zones.The results are as follows:(1)The light-weight green roof planted with Sedum lineare had excellent stormwater control performance,and average runoff reduction rate and peak runoff reduction rate of experimental green roofs were 73.22%and 77.63%,respectively.(2)The average values of the Nse and R^(2) during the calibration period were 0.64 and 0.73,and were 0.66 and 0.64 for the validation period,respectively.It indicated that the SWMM could reproduce runoff hydrographs from green roofs.(3)Under different design storm return periods,the runoff reduction rates of green roofs in three cities were different,but they all declined exponentially with the increase of the return period.(4)The runoff reduction rate and peak flow reduction rate of green roofs in three cities increased with the increase of substrate depth,but the reduction rate could not increase when reaching a certain depth,the critical substrate depth of Beijing and Shanghai was 500 mm,and that of Guangzhou was 800 mm.In summary,climate conditions and substrate depth are the main factors that affect the stormwater control performance of green roofs.Therefore,it is necessary to consider all factors comprehensively to achieve the best performance when green roofs are installed in cities in different climatic zones.

关 键 词：绿色屋顶 径流调控效益 SWMM 气候区 基质厚度 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]