政府采购何以牵动企业创新——兼论需求侧政策“拉力”与供给侧政策“推力”的协同  

How Does Government Procurement Promote Enterprise Innovation——On the Synergy between Demand-pull and Supply-push of Innovation Policies

作　　者：孙薇 叶初升[1,2] SUN Wei;YE Chu-sheng(Economics and Management School,Wuhan University;Center for Economic Development Research,Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院 [2]武汉大学经济发展研究中心

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2023年第1期95-113,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展阶段伟大实践与发展经济学理论创新研究”(批准号21&ZD071)。

摘　　要：促进企业技术创新不仅需要来自供给侧的推力,也需要来自需求侧的拉力。为准确识别、评估并进一步增进中国政府创新采购政策的激励效应,本文基于64余万条政府采购合同数据,使用文本分析方法识别政府创新采购,进而利用2015—2020年中国A股上市企业数据开展实证分析。研究发现,通过提升预期市场回报、降低研发不确定性和缓解融资约束,政府创新采购显著促进了企业创新。其中,本地创新采购、中央创新采购以及大学和研究机构创新采购对企业的创新激励作用更显著;政府创新采购对战略性新兴行业企业、民营企业和中小企业的创新激励作用更强。进一步分析发现,总体上需求侧的创新采购和供给侧的创新补贴对企业创新具有相互促进的协同效应。政策的协同性因企业创新水平和政策实施顺序而存在显著差异:从企业创新水平看,“双侧”政策结合对创新领先型企业的激励是互补的,对创新后进型企业的激励却是互斥的;从政策实施顺序看,“先供给侧补贴、后需求侧采购”策略对企业创新的促进作用比“先需求侧采购、后供给侧补贴”以及“供给侧补贴与需求侧采购同时实施”策略更大。本文的研究有助于深化对需求侧创新支持政策的认识,为进一步完善中国创新激励政策体系提供了重要参考。Innovation is the first driving force for economic development.The Chinese government has attached great importance to innovation,encouraged enterprise innovation by various policies from both the supply and demand sides,and vigorously promoted the construction of an innovative country,which has formed a Chinese featured innovative development model.In general,supply-side and demandside innovation policies show different characteristics and function differently in promoting enterprise innovation.This paper focuses on demand-side innovation policies with government procurement as the core,and further investigates the synergy between demand-side and supply-side innovation policies,providing an academic reference for further improving China’s innovation policy system.In order to accurately identify,evaluate,and further enhance the incentive effect of China’s government innovation procurement,this paper uses the text analysis method to identify government innovation procurement from approximately 640,000 government procurement contracts,and then uses the data of Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2015 to 2020 to carry out empirical analysis.Results show that by improving expected market returns,reducing R&D uncertainty,and alleviating financing constraints,government innovation procurement significantly promotes enterprise innovation.In terms of procurement type,local innovation procurement,central innovation procurement and innovation procurement of universities and research institutions have a more significant incentive effect on enterprise innovation.In terms of enterprise characteristics,the innovation of enterprises in strategic emerging industries,private enterprises,and small and medium-sized enterprises is promoted to a greater extent.Further analysis shows that demand-side innovation procurement and supply-side innovation subsidy have a positive synergistic effect on enterprise innovation.This synergy differs by enterprises’innovation level and policy implementation order.From the perspective of e

关 键 词：政府采购 政府创新采购 企业创新 创新政策 

分 类 号：F260[经济管理—国民经济]