贵州铝土矿含矿岩系中锂的分布特征及富集机理  

Distribution characteristics and enrichment mechanism of lithium in bauxite series in Guizhou Province

作　　者：金中国 郑明泓 刘玲 黄智龙[2] 叶霖[2] 吴莎 曾道国 谷静[2] JIN Zhongguo;ZHENG Minghong;LIU Ling;HUANG Zhilong;YE Lin;WU Sha;ZENG Daoguo;GU Jing(Guizhou Nonferrous Metal and Nuclear Industry Geological Exploration Bureau,Guizhou,Guiyang 550005,China;Stake Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081,China;College of Resources and Environment,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省有色金属和核工业地质勘查局,贵州贵阳550005 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵州贵阳550081 [3]贵州大学资源与环境学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《地质学报》2023年第1期69-81,共13页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号U1812402);国家科技支撑计划重点项目(编号2011BAB04B04);贵州省优秀科技教育人才省长专项资金项目(黔科教办[2008]02号)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：锂是我国关键矿产和高新产业发展的战略性资源之一。贵州铝土矿资源丰富,含铝岩系分布广,勘查发现铝土矿(岩)中伴生大量的锂资源。研究认为,全省含铝岩系中Li含量高,变化范围大(0.55×10^(-6)~2725.03×10^(-6)),平面上Li含量总体呈北东(务正道成矿区)、南西(修文-清镇成矿区)高,中间(播州-瓮安成矿区)低的分布态势;剖面上Li主要富集在矿系上部的致密状铝土岩(矿)中,Li含量一般>500×10^(-6),矿系中土状铝土矿(岩)Li含量一般<30×10^(-6);气候温湿、风化及淋滤作用强的陆相湖泊沉积环境,有利于高岭石为主的黏土矿物形成及Li+与Al^(3+)、Mg^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Fe^(2+)发生类质同象,或被吸附进入黏土矿物层间构造同迁移同富集,Li与Al2O3含量呈正相关关系;成岩成矿后的次生改造阶段,古地磁测量及CIA显示为炎热潮湿的氧化环境,随着风化作用及脱硅富铝作用增强,大量Li、SiO_(2)流失,呈现Li与Al2O3含量呈负相关、与SiO_(2)含量呈正相关关系,Li的富集与其地球化学性质、古沉积环境及后生改造作用密切相关;Li主要来源于高背景的下伏地层,与铝土矿成矿母岩一致,部分还可能来源于上覆富Li地层;含铝岩系中Li富集特征显示,锂具有较好的找矿潜力。Lithium is one of the strategic resources for the development of high-tech industries in China.Guizhou is rich in bauxite resources and widely distributed aluminiferous rock series.It is found that a large number of lithium resources are associated with bauxite(rock).The results show that the content of Li is high,with a wide variation range(0.55×10^(-6)~2725.03×10^(-6)),in the aluminiferous rock series.In the plane,the content of Li is generally high in the northeast(Wuzhengdao metallogenic area),high in the southwest(Xiuwen-Qingzhen metallogenic area),and low in the middle(Bozhou-Weng’an metallogenic area).In the profile,Li is mainly concentrated in the dense bauxite(ore)in the upper part of the ore system where it is generally higher than 500×10^(-6),and generally less than 30×10^(-6)in the middle-earth bauxite(rock)of the ore system.The continental lacustrine sedimentary environment with warm and humid climate,weathering and strong leachation is conducive not only to the formation of clay minerals mainly composed of kaolinite,but also to the occurrence of Li+with Al^(3+),Mg^(2+),Fe^(3+)and Fe^(2+)that are absorbed into the structure between clay mineral layers with migration and enrichment.Li was positively correlated with Al2O3content.In the secondary transformation stage after diagenesis and mineralization,paleomagnetic survey and CIA showed that the oxidation environment was hot and humid.With the enhancement of weathering,desilication and aluminum enrichment,a large amount of Li and SiO_(2)are lost,showing a negative correlation between Li and Al2O3content and a positive correlation between Li and SiO_(2)content.The enrichment of Li is closely related to geochemical properties,paleosedimentary environment and epigenetic transformation.Li is mainly derived from the underlying strata with high background,which is consistent with the parent rock of bauxite mineralization.Part of Li may also be derived from the overlying strata rich in Li.The enrichment characteristics of Li in aluminous rock series sho

关 键 词：锂资源 含铝岩系 分布特征 富集机理 找矿潜力 贵州 

分 类 号：P618.45[天文地球—矿床学]