陇东地区南、北石窟寺北朝窟龛佛像造型分析  

A Study of the Shape of Northern Dynasty Buddha Statues Located in the South and North Cave Temples in Eastern Gansu Province

作　　者：黄文智[1] Huang Wenzhi

机构地区：[1]天津美术学院造型艺术学院雕塑系,天津300141

出　　处：《艺术探索》2023年第1期48-62,共15页Arts Exploration

摘　　要：陇东地区南、北石窟寺北朝窟龛佛像,历经北魏、西魏和北周三个发展阶段,依据造型样式不同可分七组。第一组是庆阳楼底村石窟中心柱四面造像龛佛像,年代早至6世纪初;第二组是北石窟寺第165窟佛立像和南石窟寺第1窟佛立像,完工年代在北魏宣武帝永平二年至延昌年间(512—515年);其余五组佛像均为北石窟寺第165窟两侧崖壁上的窟龛佛像,大多尺寸较小,造型特征彼此有别,年代也有早晚之分。其中,第二组佛像占据绝对主体地位,尺寸较大,是在融合新旧都佛像造型基础上,新创出极富视觉张力的造像样式。这些窟龛造像的功德主以本地部族为主,他们在造像粉本上,更多接受了来自中原或其他重要造像区域的影响。The Buddha statues in the Shrines of the South and North Cave Temples in Eastern Gansu Province have gone through three stages of development during the Northern Wei,Western Wei,and Northern Zhou dynasties,and can thus be divided into seven groups according to different modelling styles.To the first group belong the Buddha statues that adorn all four sides of the central pillar of the cave in Loudi(楼底)Village,Qingyang(庆阳)City,and which have been dated to the early 6th century.The Buddha statue in Cave 165 of the North Cave Temple and the Buddha statue in Cave 1 of the South Cave Temple,belong to the second group,and were completed between the second year of the third(Yongping Era永平年间,AD 509)and fourth(Yanchang Era延昌年间,AD 512-515)reign periods of Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei.The other five groups of Buddha statues are all located on the walls on both sides of Cave 165 of the North Cave Temple.Most of these are small in size,and vary in terms of shape,appearance,and date of creation.Among them,the statues of the second group occupy a dominant position due to their large size,which resulted from the fusion of older and more recent statues,thus yielding a new form of visual tension.The credit for these statues goes mainly to local tribesmen,who seem to have greatly felt the influence of the Central Plains or other important sculpture sites.

关 键 词：南石窟寺 北石窟寺 北朝龛像 造型分析 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K239.2[历史地理—历史学]