清代释奠乐县中的鼓  

Drums at the Heart of Qing Bell Music for the Ancestors'Worship

作　　者：李莉[1] Li Li

机构地区：[1]武汉音乐学院音乐学系,湖北武汉430060

出　　处：《艺术探索》2023年第1期101-107,共7页Arts Exploration

基　　金：武汉音乐学院优秀人才培养项目,中央部委属高校与地方支持合作计划项目武汉音乐学院艺术博士点建设项目“湖北清代礼俗音乐文化研究”(XW2016B01)。

摘　　要：清代释奠乐县采用中和韶乐,其中革鼓为建鼓和搏拊。建鼓又称楹鼓、应鼓。曲阜阙里文庙在明清仍一直应用源自宋元的一些旧乐制,其中乐县主要体现为革鼓的多样性。足鼓,为四足小鼓,古籍中小鼓也称应鼓。搏拊在地方古制典籍中显示有古今两种,而鼗鼓也有两种,其中一种实为搏拊。清代地方释奠乐县灵活采用古制,应用了一些不属于中和韶乐的革鼓,体现了对于“三礼”记录的礼乐器的追溯和尊崇。礼乐遵循古制,清代士大夫阶层仍有这样的传统。Qing bell music for the ancestors'worship borrowed elements from zhonghe shao music(中和韶),such as the use of leather drums,and more particularly the jian drum(jian gu建鼓)and the bofu drum(bofu搏拊).Jian drums are also known as ying drums(ying gu楹鼓)or ying drums(ying gu应鼓).Throughout the ming and Qing dynasties,the Que Li Confucian Temple in Qufu did still stick to the earlier Song and Yuan musical modes,where the worshipping ceremony was mainly highlighted by the variety of leather drums employed.The foot drum(zu gu足鼓),also referred to as ying drum(ying gu应鼓)in ancient texts,is a small four-legged drum.Two kinds of bofu drums are mentioned in ancient texts:ancient-shaped and modern-shaped,as well as two kinds of rattle-drums(tao gu鼗鼓),one of which is essentially a bofu drum.Worshipping ceremonies saw ancient rites observed with a certain flexibility,depending on the place in which they were performed.In certain areas,leather drums that were not part of zhonghe shao music were also employed.This practice illustrates the respect and obedience professed towards the use of musical instruments in performing the"three rites"(san li三礼).Rites and music followed the ancient system,a tradition that still existed among scholar-officials during the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：清代 释奠 革鼓 中和韶乐 

分 类 号：J609.2[艺术—音乐] K249[历史地理—历史学]