甜樱桃低冠轻简化丰产技术研究  

Study on Low Crown, Simplified and High Yield Technology of Sweet Cherry

作　　者：李占芹 刘学海 丰丕建 李欣 曹广坤 梁锋 曹琪 朱东姿 LI Zhanqin;LIU Xuehai;FENG Pijian;LI Xin;CAO Guangkun;LIANG Feng;CAO Qi;ZHU Dongzi(Fei County Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Team,Linyi 273400,China;Fei County Fruit Tea Service Center,Linyi 273400,China;Fei County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Linyi273400,China;Fei County Guangfeng Fruit Tree Planting Professional Cooperative,Linyi273400,China;Shandong Provincial Fruit Tree Research Institute,Tai’an 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]费县农业综合执法大队,山东临沂273400 [2]费县果茶服务中心,山东临沂273400 [3]费县农业技术推广中心,山东临沂273400 [4]费县广丰果树种植专业合作社,山东临沂273400 [5]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《中国果菜》2023年第2期77-81,共5页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2020LZGC008);山东省果品产业技术体系(SDAIT-06-01)。

摘　　要：为探索简约省工、优质丰产技术新方向,创新推进甜樱桃现代化栽培进程,借鉴西班牙丛枝形、澳大利亚KGB树形,在临沂市费县开展了甜樱桃矮化丛枝形、改良纺锤形简约修剪技术的对比研究。结果表明,采用丛枝形整形技术,五年来取得了二年成型、三年结果、四年丰产的良好生产效果,实现了第三年平均单株产量0.56 kg/株,每667m^(2)平均产量达47 kg;第四年平均单株产量8.45 kg/株,每667m^(2)平均产量达710 kg,相比改良纺锤形提前1年进入丰产期,并且平均单果质量达到11.2 g,优质果率达到67%。此外,选择‘吉塞拉6号’作为甜樱桃砧木,采用丛枝形整形技术,可以实现矮化简约栽培,有利于农机农艺结合,推进节水灌溉、土壤耕翻、施肥、喷药、修剪、防鸟网搭建和采收等农事机械化作业。In order to explore the new direction of simple and labor saving, high-quality and high-yield technology,and creatively promote the modern cultivation process of sweet cherries, a comparative study was carried out in Fei county, Linyi city, on the dwarf cluster shape and improved spindle simple pruning technology of sweet cherries,drawing on the Spanish cluster shape and the Australian KGB tree shape. The results showed that through the use of cluster shaping technology, the good production effects of two years shaping, three years fruiting and four years high yield were achieved in the past five years. The average yield per plant in the third year was 0.56 kg/plant, and the average yield per 667m^(2) was 47 kg. In the fourth year, the average yield per plant was 8.45 kg/plant, and the average yield per 667m^(2) was 710 kg. Compared with the improved spindle shape, it entered the high yield period one year earlier, and the average single fruit quality was 11.2 g, and the rate of high-quality fruit was 67%.Selecting ‘Gisela No.6’as the sweet cherry rootstock and adopting the clump shaped shaping technology can realize dwarfing and simple cultivation, which is conducive to the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and promote agricultural mechanization operations such as water-saving irrigation, soil tillage,fertilization, spraying, pruning, bird net construction and harvesting.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 低冠 轻简化 矮化丛枝形 改良纺锤形 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]