高压触电侵权案件中受害人的过错  

the Fault of Victims in High Voltage Electric Shock Infringement Cases

作　　者：周凤翱[1] 李怡 ZHOU Fengao;Li Yi(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,North China Electric Power University,Changping Beijing,102206,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学人文与社会科学学院,北京昌平102206

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期84-91,共8页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：在高压触电侵权案件中,在无过错归责原则下,高压电设施经营者承担了较重的责任。依据《民法典》第1240条,高压触电侵权案件受害人对损害发生具有过错的,高压电设施经营者可以免责、减责。目前,在高压电设施经营者的免责事由中,受害人故意包括直接故意和间接故意,但实务界处理高压触电侵权案件时存在对受害人故意内容的认定不统一、受害人是否构成故意的判定标准不统一、对受害人故意和过失的界限认定不统一等问题。今后,应不断完善高压触电侵权案件办案思路,判定受害人是否构成故意时,不能仅以受害人存在违法行为为由认定其主观存在故意;在判断受害人的过错状态时,除非有特别事由,否则仅应在受害人过失范围内依据其违反注意义务的等级判断其过失程度;对于受害人有预谋的自伤自杀、不顾明显警示和他人反复劝阻的行为,应当认定为故意。According to Article 1240 of the Civil Code,if it can be proven that the damage is intentionally caused by the victim or the victim is grossly negligent for the occurrence of the damage in a high-voltage electric shock infringement case,the liability of the operator of the high-voltage electric facility may be exempted or mitigated. Among the reasons for exempting high-voltage facility operators from the liability,the victim’s intention includes direct intentional and indirect intentional. But in practice,there are no uniformed criteria for victim intention identification,or for determining whether the victim constitutes an intention,or for identifying the boundary between the victim’s intention and negligence. We hold that victim intention cannot be determined only on ground that the victim has committed an illegal act. The degree of victim fault should only be judged according to the level of the breach of duty of care within the scope of the victim’s fault unless there are special reasons. The victim’s premeditated self-injury or suicide,ignoring obvious warnings and others’ dissuasion should be considered victim intention.

关 键 词：高压触电案件 过错 直接故意 间接故意 重大过失 

分 类 号：DF526[政治法律—民商法学]