不同飞行光环境对飞行人员对比度视力的影响  

Effects of different flight luminous environments on contrast vision of pilots

作　　者：陈剑政 陈涛 谭镕祯 江川 苏玉婷 张作明 CHEN Jian-zheng;CHEN Tao;TAN Rong-zhen;JIANG Chuan;SU Yu-ting;ZHANG Zuo-ming(Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine,School of Aerospace Medicine,Air Force Medical University,Xi’an 710032,Shaanxi,China;Department of Aviation Physiological Training,Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;The Fourth Student Team,College of Basic Medical Sciences,Air Force Medical University,Xi’an 710032,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学航空航天医学系,教育部航空航天医学重点实验室,西安710032 [2]海军青岛特勤疗养中心航空生理训练科,青岛266071 [3]空军军医大学基础医学院学员四大队,西安710032

出　　处：《海军军医大学学报》2023年第1期45-51,共7页Academic Journal of Naval Medical University

基　　金：空军军医大学航空医学提升项目(2020ZTB01)。

摘　　要：目的研究不同模拟飞行光环境下不同视力受试者对比度视力的差异,为保障飞行安全提供试验依据。方法通过测量双眼视力,将24名受试者按照小数视力分为1.0/1.0、0.8/0.8、0.6/0.6和0.4/0.4组,每组6人,分别在模拟日光、迎光、背光、曙暮光和云上光环境下检测100%、80%、60%、40%、20%和10%对比度的视力。运用具有2个重复测量因素的三因素设计方差分析,比较不同光环境对不同视力者对比度视力的影响。结果光环境、视力和对比度3个因素间存在交互作用(P<0.05)。进一步行两因素交互作用检验,光环境和对比度均与视力间存在交互作用(P均<0.01),而光环境和对比度间不存在交互作用(P>0.05)。在相同对比度下,与日光环境相比,各视力组在曙暮光和云上光的对比度视力下降(P均<0.05);在80%、60%、40%对比度下,0.6/0.6和0.4/0.4组在迎光环境下的对比度视力低于日光环境(P均<0.05);在20%、10%对比度下,各视力组在迎光环境下的对比度视力均低于日光环境(P均<0.05)。在相同对比度下,与1.0/1.0组相比,0.6/0.6、0.4/0.4组在5种光环境下的对比度视力均下降(P均<0.05);在20%、10%对比度下,0.8/0.8组在日光、迎光、曙暮光、云上光环境下的对比度视力均低于1.0/1.0组(P均<0.05);在相同的光环境和对比度下,0.4/0.4组的对比度视力低于其余视力组(P均<0.05)。结论光环境、对比度和视力水平对对比度视力的作用相互影响。近视飞行人员在不利光环境(如迎光、云上光和曙暮光)下观察低对比度目标时对比度视力严重下降,对飞行安全构成潜在的威胁,故应重视近视飞行人员的对比度视力检查。Objective To study the differences in contrast vision of subjects with different visions under different simulated flight luminous environments,so as to provide experimental basis for flight safety.Methods Twenty-four subjects were recruited and divided into 1.0/1.0,0.8/0.8,0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4(decimal vision)groups by measuring binocular vision,with 6 subjects in each group.Each subject was tested for 100%,80%,60%,40%,20%and 10%contrast visions in simulated luminous environments of sunlight,facing light,backlight,twilight and on-cloud light.Using a 3-factor design analysis of variance with 2 repeated measurement factors,we compared the effects of different luminous environments on the contrast vision of people with different visions.Results There were interactions among the 3 factors(luminous environment,vision,and contrast)(P<0.05).A further 2-factor interaction test showed that there were interactions between luminous environment and vision and between contrast and vision(both P<0.01),but there was no interaction between luminous environment and contrast(P>0.05).At the same contrast,compared with the sunlight environment,the contrast vision of twilight and on-cloud light was decreased in each vision group(all P<0.05).For 80%,60%and 40%contrast,the contrast visions of the 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4 groups in the facing light environment were lower than those in the sunlight environment(all P<0.05).For the contrast of 20%and 10%,the contrast vision of each vision group in the facing light environment was worse than that in the sunlight environment(all P<0.05).Compared with the 1.0/1.0 group for the same contrast,the contrast visions of the 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4groups were decreased in the 5 simulated luminous environments(all P<0.05).For 20%and 10%contrast,the contrast visions of the 0.8/0.8 group were lower than those of the 1.0/1.0 group in sunlight,facing light,twilight and on-cloud light(all P<0.05).For the same light environment and contrast,the contrast vision of the 0.4/0.4 group was worse than those of the other v

关 键 词：视力 光环境 对比度视力 飞行人员 

分 类 号：R821.9[医药卫生—临床医学] R770.421