橘小实蝇化学通讯机制与引诱剂开发策略  

Chemical communication mechanism and strategy for attractant development in Bactrocera dorsalis(Diptera:Tetriphitidae)

作　　者：张杰[1] 张艳[1] 刘伟 严善春[1] 王桂荣 ZHANG Jie;ZHANG Yan;LIU Wei;YAN Shan-Chun;WANG Gui-Rong(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management,Ministry of Education,School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Shenzhen Branch,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Genome Analysis Laboratory,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518120,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [2]中国农业科学院(深圳)农业基因组研究所,岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室深圳分中心,农业农村部农业基因数据分析重点实验室,深圳518120

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2023年第1期108-120,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：深圳市科技计划(KQTD20180411143628272)。

摘　　要：实蝇是全球重大的果蔬虫害,对世界年均造成的经济损失高达20亿美元。橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis是该类害虫的代表之一,每年对我国柑橘产业造成严重损失。以雄性引诱剂和蛋白饵剂为核心的诱杀技术已用于害虫监测和绿色防控,但是田间防控效果有待进一步提高。随着高通量测序技术成本的降低以及现代分子生物学技术的发展,科学家们提出先解析害虫化学感受的分子机制,鉴定关键的化学感受分子靶标,并以鉴定的新靶标设计和筛选更为稳定和高效引诱剂和食诱剂。为促进以关键化学感受分子为靶标的橘小实蝇行为调控技术的发展,本文综述了调控橘小实蝇行为的重要化学物质及其化学感受识别机制的研究现状。调控橘小实蝇行为的重要挥发物主要包括性信息素、植物挥发物和食物源蛋白气味。前两者中鉴定获得的特异性化合物质与橘小实蝇成虫的行为关系较为明确,例如性信息素中得到吡嗪类物质能够引诱雌虫,植物挥发物中的甲基丁香酚引诱雄虫,γ-辛内酯能够诱发雌虫产卵等;而后者食物源蛋白气味则由于成分复杂,在田间虽有一定效果,但缺乏特定化合物在雌雄虫具体行为中的功能验证。嗅觉感受机制中,外周神经感器与中枢触角叶仅有形态描述,不同类型嗅觉神经元的功能还不明确;目前通过生物信息学分析已鉴定出大量的橘小实蝇化学感觉相关蛋白,包括49种气味结合蛋白(odorant binding proteins,OBPs)、60种气味受体(odorant receptors,ORs)、23种离子型受体(ionotropic receptors,IRs)和17种味觉受体(gustatory receptors,GRs),得到功能解析的嗅觉基因数量较少。综上可知,现虽已鉴定了部分对橘小实蝇具有行为活性的化合物质,且已有大量嗅觉蛋白作为候选分子靶标,但缺乏“化学物质-嗅觉分子靶标与神经-行为”的对应关系,这极大地限制了嗅觉分子靶标在引诱剂True fruit flies are important insect pests attacking fruits and vegetables.The total damage caused by them worldwide is estimated to amount to be more than 2 billion US dollars annually.The oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis,is one of the representatives of this kind of pests,causing serious losses to China’s citrus industry every year.The techniques based on male attractant and protein bait have been used in environment friendly strategies for pest monitoring and control.However,the performances of those baits in the field are unsatisfied and need to be further improved.With the reduction of the cost of high-throughput sequencing technology and the development of modern molecular biology technology,scientists proposed to discover the key molecular targets for olfaction by resolving the molecular mechanism of pest chemosensory first and develop more stable and efficient attractants with the identified new targets.In order to promote the development of behavioral regulation technology targeting key chemosensory molecules in B.dorsalis,we reviewed the research status of important chemicals regulating the behavior of B.dorsalis and the mechanism of chemosensory perception in this article.The important volatiles regulating the behavior of B.dorsalis include sex pheromones,plant volatiles and food-derived protein odors.Among them,the specific compounds identified by the first two have a clear relationship with the behavior of B.dorsalis adults.For example,pyrazine substances obtained from sex pheromones can attract females,methyl eugenol in plant volatiles can attract males,γ-octalactone can induce females to lay eggs;while the composition of food-derived protein odor is complex,although it has a certain efficacy in the field,there is a lack of function validation of specific compounds in female and male insect behavior.In the olfactory sensory mechanism,there is only a morphological description of the peripheral nerve sensilla and the central antennal lobe,and the function of different types of olfactory neur

关 键 词：橘小实蝇 嗅觉蛋白 化学感受识别机制 引诱剂 行为调控剂 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]