不同作物+小龙虾种养模式作物产量及氮、磷平衡分析  

Analysis on Crop Yield and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance of Different Crop+Crayfish Models

作　　者：汤伟 陈灿[1,2] 黄璜 周天送[1] 王忍 TANG Wei;CHEN Can;HUANG Huang;ZHOU Tiansong;WANG Ren(College of Agriculture,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Paddy Field Ecological Planting and Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南省稻田生态种养工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第1期24-33,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301003)。

摘　　要：设置稻虾连作(RC)、水稻单作(R)、莲虾共作(LC)、子莲单作(L)、茭虾共作(ZC)、茭白单作(Z)6个处理,研究不同作物+小龙虾种养模式作物的产量、氮和磷吸收量及氮、磷平衡状况,为合理调控生态种养养分循环和平衡、促进农田系统的可持续发展提供一定的理论依据。结果表明,除RC处理产量因不施肥较R处理显著减少外,LC、ZC处理产量与相应作物的单作处理均无显著差异。关于作物的氮、磷吸收,RC处理水稻籽粒的磷吸收量较R处理显著减少17.02%,ZC处理净茭和茭白秸秆的氮吸收量较Z处理分别显著增加31.47%和21.16%,其余同一作物的2个处理间作物的氮、磷吸收量均无显著差异。与相应作物单作处理相比,不同作物+小龙虾处理不仅提高了氮、磷的输入量和输出量,还增加了农田生态系统的氮和磷盈余量。因此,为提高农田氮、磷利用率,减少氮、磷环境污染风险,需适当减少农田化肥和饲料的投入,以保证生态农业的可持续发展。Six treatments were set up,including rice‐crawfish continuous cropping(RC),rice monoculture(R),lotus‐crawfish co‐cropping(LC),seed lotus monoculture(L),water bamboo‐crawfish co‐cropping(ZC)and water bamboo monoculture(Z),the crop yield,nitrogen and phosphorus uptake,and nitrogen and phosphorus balance of different crop+crawfish models were studied,so as to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable regulation of nutrient cycle and balance of ecological planting and breeding system and promoting sustainable development of farmland system.The results showed that there was no significant difference in yield between LC,ZC treatments and the corresponding crop monoculture treatments except that the yield of RC treatment significantly decreased compared with that of R treatment because of no fertilization.As for nitrogen and phosphorus absorption of crops,the phosphorus absorption of rice grains of RC treatment significantly decreased by 17.02%compared with R treatment,and the nitrogen absorption of naked water bamboo and water bamboo straw of ZC treatment significantly increased by 31.47%and 21.16%compared with Z treatment,respectively.Except these there was no significant difference in nitrogen and phosphorus absorption between the two treatments of the same crop.Compared with the corresponding crop monoculture treatment,the different crop+crayfish treatments not only increased the input and output of nitrogen and phosphorus,but also increased the surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus in the farmland ecosystem.Therefore,in order to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland and reduce the environmental pollution risk caused by nitrogen and phosphorus,it is necessary to appropriately reduce the input of fertilizer and feed in farmland to ensure the sustainable development of ecological agriculture.

关 键 词：水稻 子莲 茭白 小龙虾 氮、磷平衡 作物产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S645