施氮时期对谷子产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application stage on the grain yield and quality and nitrogen use efficiency of foxtail millet

作　　者：秦娜[1] 朱灿灿[1] 代书桃[1] 宋迎辉[1] 王春义[1] 李君霞[1] 平西栓 QIN Na;ZHU Cancan;DAI Shutao;SONG Yinghui;WANG Chunyi;LI Junxia;PING Xishuan(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Agricultural Technology Extension Central Station,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南省农业技术推广总站,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第1期67-78,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06);河南省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(Z20221341070);河南省农业良种攻关项目(2022010401);河南省农业科学院科技创新团队(2022TD33);河南省农业科学院基础科研项目(2022 JC06)。

摘　　要：为探究施氮时期对谷子产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响,2020—2021年连续两年在河南省新乡市,选用5个不同基因型的谷子品种(‘济谷20’、‘中谷5号’、‘冀谷31’、‘豫谷18’和‘豫谷28’),设置4个施氮(尿素)时期,分别为T_(0)(不施氮)、T_(1)(播种期施氮)、T_(2)(拔节期施氮)、T_(3)(开花期施氮),测定谷子的产量和品质性状及氮素利用效率等指标。结果表明:5个不同基因型谷子品种在4个不同施氮时期处理的产量由高到低均表现为T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1)>T_(0);谷子的峰值黏度、热浆黏度和糊化温度由高到低均表现为T_(0)>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(3);脂肪、膳食纤维、氮素利用效率在拔节期施氮(T_(2))下最高,显著高于T_(0)和T_(1),但与T_(3)无显著差异,蛋白质、直链淀粉、灰分、碳水化合物和食味氨基酸含量在开花期施氮(T_(3))下最高,显著高于T_(0)、T_(1)和T_(2),其中‘豫谷28’表现最为突出。相关性分析表明,拔节期施氮(T_(2))处理谷子的生物量、单穗重、千粒重与营养和食味品质的相关系数均显著高于播种期(T_(1))与开花期(T_(3))施氮处理。综上,谷子在拔节期施氮(T_(2))和开花期施氮(T_(3))处理可以兼顾高产和优质,而且拔节期施氮(T_(2))是品质、产量和氮素利用效率兼顾的最佳施氮时期。In order to explore the influence of nitrogen application stage on foxtail millet yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency,an experiment was consecutively carried out for two years in 2020 and 2021 in Xinxiang City,Henan Province.Five different millet cultivars with different genotypes(‘Jigu 20’,‘Zhonggu 5’,‘Jigu 31’,‘Yugu 18’and‘Yugu 28’)were used as tested materials.Four nitrogen fertilizer application stages(urea)were designed as follows:T_(0)(no nitrogen fertilizer application),T_(1)(nitrogen fertilizer application at sowing stage),T_(2)(nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage)and T_(3)(nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering stage).The yield,quality traits and nitrogen use efficiency of foxtail millet were measured.The results showed that:The yield of the five millet cultivars from high to low was T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1)>T_(0)under four different nitrogen fertilizer application stages.The peak viscosity,hot paste viscosity and pasting temperature from high to low was T_(0)>T_(1)>T_(2)>T_(3)under four different treatments.Under nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage(T_(2)),the fat,fiber and nitrogen use efficiency of millet were significantly higher than those of T_(0)and T_(1),while there were no significant difference compared with T_(3).Under nitrogen fertilizer application of shooting stage(T_(3)),the protein,amylose,ash,carbohydrate and eating amino acid content were significantly higher than those of T_(0),T_(1)and T_(2).Among them,the performance of‘Yugu 28’was the most outstanding.Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between biomass,spike weight,thousand grain weight and nutrition and eating quality of nitrogen fertilizer application of shooting stage(T_(2))were significantly higher than nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering stage(T_(3))and sowing stage(T_(1)).In summary,the coordination of yield and quality under nitrogen fertilizer application at shooting stage(T_(2))and flowering stage(T_(3)).The nitrogen fertilizer applic

关 键 词：谷子 氮肥 产量 品质 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]