社会区隔与利益固化藩篱:“小镇做题家”现象的社会主因  

Social Distinction and Interest Solidification Barriers: The Social Cause of the Phenomenon of "Small-town Swot"

作　　者：邓希泉[1] 林静 Deng Xiquan;Lin Jing

机构地区：[1]中国青少年研究中心青年发展研究所 [2]中国青年政治学院青少年工作系

出　　处：《北京青年研究》2023年第1期24-36,共13页Beijing Youth Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大委托项目“新兴青年群体纳入国家治理体系的制度设计与实践路径”(项目编号:21@ZH026)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“小镇做题家”是来自社会中下层知识青年处在向上流动的动态过程之中,遭遇某些社会因素的干扰而形成向上流动遇阻的社会现象,是社会区隔和利益固化的藩篱的必然结果。“小镇做题家”在社会空间中经历三个方面的重大转变:一是在城乡空间中从乡村身份转变为城市融入,二是在教育空间中从暂时领跑转变为归于平凡,三是在阶层空间中从家庭的合力支持转变为踽踽独行的艰难攀登。他们遭受城乡区隔、教育区隔、文化区隔、心理区隔、政策区隔形成的“区隔累积”,优势阶层将其内化为体制机制层面以形成利益固化的藩篱。推动以“小镇做题家”为代表的社会中下层群体的向上流动,一是要突破利益固化的藩篱,破除各种社会区隔,为社会中下层群体提供更公平有效的发展环境;二是要把“小镇做题家”摆在教育、科技、人才一体化推进工作中的重要位置;三是要去除污名化的社会标签,正面宣传弘扬“小镇做题家”的正能量;四是要建立完善大学期间的再社会化路径,提升“小镇做题家”的社会适应能力;五是“小镇做题家”要积极悦纳自我,设置阶段性目标寻求全面发展的路径。The "small-town swot" is young intellectual from the middle and lower classes of society who are in the dynamic process of upward mobility and encounter certain social factors that interfere with their upward mobility, which is the inevitable result of social distinction and interest solidification. The "small-town swot" has undergone three major changes in the social space:firstly, they change from rural identity to urban integration in the urban-rural space;secondly, they change from temporary leadership to an ordinary one;thirdly, they change from joint family support of the family to the difficult climb alone in the class space. They suffer from the "accumulation of distinction" formed by urban-rural distinction, educational distinction, cultural distinction,psychological distinction, and policy distinction. The dominant class internalizes it into the institutional mechanism to form a barrier of interest solidification. To promote the upward mobility of the middle and lower classes of society represented by "small-town swot", one is to break through the barriers of interest solidification, break down various social divisions, and provide a more fair and effective development environment for the middle and lower classes of society;the second is to put "small-town swot" in an important position in the integration of education, science and technology, and talent;third, to remove the stigmatized social labels,positive publicity to promote the "small-town swot" positive energy;fourth, it is necessary to establish and improve the re-socialization path during the university period, and enhance the social adaptability of "small-town swot";fifth, "small-town swot" should actively accept themselves and set stage goals to seek a path of comprehensive development.

关 键 词：小镇做题家 社会区隔 利益固化藩篱 社会成因 

分 类 号：D663.5[政治法律—政治学] D669.5[政治法律—中外政治制度]