未/难培养微生物可培养策略研究:机遇与挑战  

Isolation and culture techniques of uncultured microorganisms:challenges and opportunities

作　　者：李斌斌[1,2] 吴丹妮 聂国兴 周宇光 蔡曼[1] 李文均[2,3] LI Binbin;WU Danni;NIE Guoxing;ZHOU Yuguang;CAI Man;LI Wenjun(China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Fisheries,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,Henan,China;School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院微生物研究所、中国普通微生物菌种保藏管理中心,北京100101 [2]河南师范大学水产学院,河南新乡453007 [3]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2023年第2期832-844,共13页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32170101)。

摘　　要：微生物分布广泛、种类众多、功能多样,虽体积微小但功能强大,关乎人类的安全健康和生态的稳定发展,在整个地球生命系统中起着举足轻重的作用。17世纪以来,研究者们一直努力获得、了解和利用这些微生物,然而目前分离方法的局限性使得环境中绝大部分微生物仍不能被纯培养,严重阻碍了我们对微生物生命活动规律的认知。因此,如何分离获得这些仍未被培养出来的“暗物质”是微生物研究面临的严峻挑战和重大机遇。本文分析了环境中制约微生物分离培养的因素,综述未/难培养微生物可培养研究的最新进展,着重论述优化的传统培养方法及网络导向培养、膜扩散培养、微流控分选培养和细胞分选培养等新型技术的应用,并对未来研究进行展望,探索多技术联合使用策略,为未/难微生物资源的挖掘及开发利用提供借鉴。Microorganisms are ubiquitous on the earth,with high diversity and a variety of functions.They play an irreplaceable role in human health,ecological stability,and species evolution.Despite the endeavor in the isolation,research,and utilization of microorganisms since the 17th century,most microorganisms cannot be obtained by the pure culture method,which has seriously hindered the research on microbial life activities and the development of microbial resources.The acquisition of the“dark matter”has always been a serious challenge.However,it is also an opportunity to break this shackle and obtain more microbial resources.This review introduces the influencing factors that restrict the isolation and incubation of microorganisms in the environments,describes the new culture techniques such as optimization of traditional culture strategy,co-occurrence network-based culture,membrane diffusion-based culture,microfluidics,and cell sorting,and puts forward the strategy of combining multiple techniques,with a view to providing reference for the development and utilization of microbial resources.

关 键 词：未/难培养微生物 分离培养方法 培养技术 微生物“暗物质” 

分 类 号：Q93-335[生物学—微生物学]